Apparatus and method for image analysis of a fluid sample on a test card to determine whether the fluid sample tests positive or negative for a bacterium or virus
An apparatus and method for image analysis of a fluid sample on a test card are disclosed. An example apparatus for analyzing a fluid sample includes a camera imaging device configured to record a plurality of images of the fluid sample while located within a target zone of a fluid microchannel of a test card. The example apparatus also includes a controller configured to perform a cytometry analysis on the fluid sample to determine whether the fluid sample tests positive or negative for a bacteria or virus.
1. A device for analyzing a fluid sample, the device comprising:
a housing defining a slot sized to receive a test card containing the fluid sample;
a camera imaging device positioned within the housing and configured to record an image of a target zone on the test card;
a light source positioned within the housing and configured to illuminate at least the target zone on the test card; and
a controller positioned within the housing communicatively coupled to the camera imaging device and the light source, the controller comprising:
a memory device comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium and storing instructions; and
a processor communicatively coupled to the memory device, wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to:
activate the light source after detecting the test card was inserted through the slot,
control the camera imaging device to record at least one image of the target zone on the test card,
analyze the at least one image to distinguish wanted objects from unwanted objects within the at least one image, and
determine, from the analysis, whether the fluid sample tests positive or negative for a bacterium or a virus based on the wanted objects, wherein the wanted objects include at least one of nucleic acid molecules or cells, and wherein the unwanted objects include objects that do not have at least one of an average size or an average shape of the at least one of nucleic acid molecules or cells.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to determine whether the fluid sample has tested positive or negative for the bacterium or the virus by calculating a mean fluorescence value for at least one area that includes the wanted objects.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to determine whether the fluid sample has tested positive or negative for the bacterium or the virus by calculating a mean fluorescence value for at least one area that excludes the unwanted objects.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to determine whether the fluid sample has tested positive or negative for the bacterium or the virus by analyzing at least one of a size of the wanted objects, a count of the wanted objects, a morphology of the wanted objects, a cycle phase of the wanted objects, DNA content of the wanted objects, or an existence or absence of specific proteins on surfaces of the wanted objects.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to determine whether the fluid sample has tested positive or negative for the bacterium or the virus by:
counting colonies that are shown within the at least one image;
comparing a number of counted colonies to a specified titer value; and
determining the fluid sample has tested positive for the bacterium or the virus when the number of counted colonies exceed the specified titer value.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to control the device to perform a cytometry analysis.
7. The device of claim 6 ,
wherein the memory device stores a plurality of preprogrammed analyses that can be performed, the plurality of preprogrammed analyses including the cytometry analysis and a polymerase chain reaction (“PCR”) analysis, and
wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to operate according to the preprogrammed cytometry analysis.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to report an inconclusive test when the processor identifies at least one unwanted object in the at least one image.
9. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a display device coupled to the housing and communicatively coupled to the processor,
wherein the processor is further operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to control the display device to display an indication whether the fluid sample tests positive or negative for the bacterium or the virus.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to control the camera imaging device to record a plurality of images,
wherein the unwanted objects include air bubbles, and
wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to distinguish the air bubbles by identifying objects that expand in size during the recording of the plurality of images.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to distinguish the wanted objects from the unwanted objects by comparing a size or shape of objects in the at least one image to an average size or shape of blood cells.
12. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a heater positioned within the housing and electrically coupled to the processor,
wherein the processor is further operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to activate the heater after the light source is activated.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the target zone on the test card includes a single zone.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the target zone on the test card includes a plurality of zones.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the light source is configured to emit fluorescence excitation light.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to perform at least one of a polymerase chain reaction (“PCR”) analysis, a cytometry analysis, or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (“ELISA”) analysis to determine whether the fluid sample tests positive or negative for the bacterium or the virus based on the wanted objects.
17. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a fluid actuation source positioned within the housing and configured to move the fluid sample to at least the target zone on the test card,
wherein the processor is further operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to activate the fluid actuation source after detecting the test card was inserted through the slot.
18. The device of claim 17 , wherein the processor is further operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to:
measure a capacitance of a microchannel on the test card before or after the target zone; and
at least one of activate the light source or control the camera imaging device to record the at least one image of the target zone after determining the measured capacitance is indicative that at least some of the fluid sample is in the target zone.
19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to locate the target zone with the at least one image, and wherein the processor is operable to determine whether the fluid sample tests positive or negative for the bacterium or virus to facilitate treatment of a bacterial or viral infection in a host.
20. The device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further operable to execute the instructions stored on the memory device to determine, from the analysis, at least one of a cell size, a cell count, a cell morphology, a cell cycle phase, a DNA content, the existence or absence of specific proteins on cell surfaces, viral titer, protein concentrations, and/or DNA concentrations.