Substrate transport apparatus

1. A substrate transport apparatus comprising:

a frame;

an upper arm rotatably mounted to the frame about a shoulder axis;

a forearm rotatably mounted to the upper arm about an elbow axis where the forearm is dependent from the upper arm and includes stacked forearm sections at different elevations relative to the upper arm and configured so that the stacked forearm sections define the forearm as a common forearm; and

at least one end effector rotatably mounted to each forearm section of the common forearm.

2. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the stacked forearm sections include an upper forearm section and a lower forearm section joined to each other by a connecting member so that the upper forearm section and lower forearm section form a one piece assembly unit.

3. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one end effector mounted to at least one of the upper forearm section and lower forearm section and disposed between the upper forearm section and lower forearm section.

4. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the at least one end effector can pass entirely between the upper forearm section and lower forearm section.

5. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one end effector includes a first end effector rotatably mounted to the upper forearm section and a second end effector rotatable mounted to the lower forearm section where the first and second end effectors are arranged in an opposing relationship between the upper forearm section and lower forearm section.

6. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the wrist axis is a common axis of rotation to both the first and second end effectors.

7. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 5 , wherein each of the first and second end effector is rotatable independent of the other one of the first and second end effector.

8. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the first and second end effector are coupled to each other through a bearing disposed between the opposing first and second end effector.

9. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the first and second end effectors are coupled to each other so that the first and second end effectors rotate about the wrist axis as a unit.

10. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 5 , wherein electrical wires and pneumatic lines for each of the first and second end effectors are provided substantially directly to a respective one of the first and second end effectors from the forearm independent of electrical wire and pneumatic line routing for the other one of the first and second end effector.

11. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one end effector is configured so that the substrate held on the at least one end effector rotationally passes between the upper and lower forearm section.

12. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 2 , wherein at least one end effector is cantilevered from the connecting member so as to extend between the upper and lower forearm sections.

13. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one end effector is movably mounted to the connecting member so as to move in a direction substantially perpendicular to a plane of rotation of the at least one substrate holder.

14. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a distributed drive section having drive motors disposed substantially about at least two of the shoulder axis, elbow axis and wrist axis for driving respective ones of the upper arm, forearm and at least one end effector.

15. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one coaxial drive shaft arrangement where each shaft in the coaxial drive shaft arrangement is drivingly coupled to a respective one of the upper arm, forearm and at least one end effector.

16. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising end effector motors disposed in the forearm and offset from both of the elbow and wrist axes.

17. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 1 , wherein one of the stacked forearm sections forms a support member spaced apart from another one of the stacked forearm sections so as to form a pass through which the end effectors rotate through.

18. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the support member is coupled to the other one of the stacked forearm sections so that the support member and the other one of the stacked forearm sections rotate as a unit and the end effectors are rotatably mounted to the other one of the stacked forearm sections.

19. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the support member allows for passage of at least one pass through instrumentation over or through the support member.

20. A substrate transport apparatus comprising:

a frame;

a base member rotatably mounted to the frame about a base member axis of rotation;

at least one articulated arm mounted to the base member about a respective shoulder axis, each of the at least one articulated arm including

an upper arm rotatably mounted about the respective shoulder axis,

a forearm rotatably coupled to the upper arm about an elbow axis and having stacked forearm sections at different elevations relative to the upper arm and configured so that the stacked forearm sections define the forearm as a common forearm, and

at least one end effector rotatably mounted to each of the stacked sections of the common forearm.

21. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the at least one articulated arm comprises two articulated arms mounted to opposite ends of the base member relative to the base member axis of rotation.

22. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising a drive section connected to the at least one articulated arm such that an extension and retraction of each of the at least one articulated arm is coupled to other another one of the at least one articulated arm.

23. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising a drive section connected to the at least one articulated arm such that each of the at least one articulated arm extends and retracts independently of another one of the at least one articulated arm.

24. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the end effectors include a first end effector rotatably mounted to the upper forearm section and a second end effector rotatably mounted to the lower forearm section where the first and second end effectors are arranged in an opposing relationship between the upper forearm section and lower forearm section.

25. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 24 , wherein electrical wires and pneumatic lines for each of the first and second end effectors are provided substantially directly to a respective one of the first and second end effectors from the forearm independent of electrical wire and pneumatic line routing for the other one of the first and second end effector.

26. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the end effectors are configured so that a substrate held on each of the end effectors rotationally passes between the upper forearm section and the lower forearm section.

27. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the upper forearm section forms a support member spaced apart from the lower forearm section so as to form a pass through which the end effectors rotate through.

28. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 27 , wherein the support member allows for passage of at least one pass through instrumentation over or through the support member.

29. The substrate transport apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the spacing between the end effectors is decoupled from a height build up between the end effectors to accommodate pass through instrumentation.

30. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:

a frame forming a chamber;

a transport apparatus disposed at least partly within the chamber, the transport apparatus including

a drive section connected to the chamber;

an upper arm rotatably mounted to the drive section about a shoulder axis;

a forearm rotatably mounted to the upper arm about an elbow axis where the forearm includes branched forearm sections at different elevations relative to the upper and configured so that the stacked forearm sections define the forearm as a common forearm; and

at least one end effector rotatably mounted to each of the branched forearm sections of the common forearm.

31. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 30 , wherein the branched forearm sections include an upper forearm section and a lower forearm section joined to each other by a connecting member so that the upper forearm section and lower forearm section form a one piece assembly unit.

32. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the at least one end effector mounted to at least one of the upper forearm section and lower forearm section and disposed between the upper forearm section and lower forearm section.

33. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the at least one end effector can pass entirely between the upper forearm section and lower forearm section.

34. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the end effectors include a first end effector and a second end effector, and electrical wires and pneumatic lines for each of the first and second end effectors are provided substantially directly to a respective one of the first and second end effectors from the forearm independent of electrical wire and pneumatic line routing for the other one of the first and second end effector.

35. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 30 , the spacing between the end effectors is decoupled from a height build up between end effectors accommodating pass through instrumentation.