Ammonia production from carbon-and water-derived hydrogen
Methods and systems for ammonia production are provided. An exemplary method includes electrolyzing water to form H 2 and O 2 ; contacting a reformer feed stream including hydrocarbons, O 2 from electrolysis, and an oxidant stream including O 2 and N 2 to form a reformed stream including H 2 , CO, CO 2 , and N 2 ; contacting the reformed stream with a water-gas shift catalyst to form a shifted stream including H 2 , CO 2 , and N 2 ; separating the shifted stream to form a captured stream including CO 2 and an ammonia production feed stream including H 2 and N 2 ; and reacting the ammonia production feed stream, and optionally H 2 from electrolysis, to form ammonia.
1. A method for producing ammonia using a system comprising:
an electrolyzer configured to electrolyze water to form a first electrolysis stream comprising H 2 and a second electrolysis stream comprising O 2 ;
a reformer configured to contact a reformer feed stream comprising hydrocarbons, at least a portion of the second electrolysis stream comprising O 2 , and an oxidant stream comprising O 2 and N 2 under conditions suitable to form a reformed stream comprising H 2 , CO, CO 2 , and N 2 ;
a water-gas shift reactor configured to contact at least a portion of the reformed stream with a water-gas shift catalyst under conditions suitable to form a shifted stream comprising H 2 , CO 2 , and N 2 ;
a carbon capture unit configured to separate at least a portion of the shifted stream to form a captured stream comprising CO 2 and an ammonia production feed stream comprising H 2 and N 2 ;
an ammonia production unit configured to react at least a portion of the ammonia production feed stream comprising H 2 and N 2 , and optionally at least a portion of the first electrolysis stream comprising H 2 , to form a product stream comprising ammonia;
an O 2 liquefaction unit configured to liquefy at least a portion of the second electrolysis stream comprising O 2 to form liquid O 2 ;
an O 2 storage facility configured to store the liquid O 2 ; and
an O 2 gasification unit configured to gasify at least a portion of the liquid O 2 and provide the gasified O 2 to the reformer;
the method comprising:
detecting a decreased amount of the first electrolysis stream formed by the electrolyzer; and then
increasing an amount of the reformer feed stream contacted in the reformer, relative to an amount of the oxidant stream contacted in the reformer; and
increasing an amount of the gasified O 2 contacted in the reformer, relative to an amount of the oxidant stream contacted in the reformer;
wherein, after increasing the amount of the contacted reformer feed stream and the contacted gasified O 2 :
a molar ratio of a total amount of H 2 present in the first electrolysis stream and H 2 present in the shifted stream to a total amount of N 2 present in the reformed stream is at least about 2.5; and
a rate of formation of the product stream is at least 50% of a maximum rate of formation of the product stream corresponding to a maximum rate of formation of the first electrolysis stream.