Cold formed laminates
The principles and embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to complexly curved laminates made from a complexly curved substrate and a flat substrate, such as automotive window glazings, and methods of cold forming complexly-curved glass products from a curved substrate and a flat substrate. In one or more embodiments, the laminate includes first complexly-curved glass substrate with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second complexly-curved glass substrate with a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface with a thickness therebetween; and a polymer interlayer affixed to the second convex surface and third surface, wherein the third surface and fourth surface have compressive stress values respectively that differ such that the fourth surface has as compressive stress value that is greater than the compressive stress value of the third surface.
1. A laminated article comprising:
a first substrate comprising a first curved surface and a complexly-curved shape;
a glass substrate comprising a second surface and a third surface opposite the second surface; and
at least one of a polymer interlayer and an adhesive affixed to the first curved surface and the second surface, wherein a first compressive stress value of the second surface differs from a second compressive stress value of the third surface as a result of the glass substrate being cold-formed against the first curved surface.
2. The laminated article of claim 1 , wherein only the adhesive is affixed to the first curved surface and the second surface.
3. The laminated article of claim 2 , further comprising a decoration band disposed at a periphery of at least one of the first substrate and the glass substrate.
4. The laminated article of claim 1 , wherein the first substrate comprises a greater rigidity than the glass substrate.
5. The laminated article of claim 1 , wherein glass substrate comprises a thickness extending between the second surface and the third surface that is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 1.4.
6. The laminated article of claim 5 :
wherein first substrate is formed of a glass, and
a thickness of the first substrate is less than or equal to 4.0 mm.
7. The laminated article of claim 6 , wherein:
only the polymer interlayer is affixed to the first curved surface and the second surface, and
the polymer interlayer comprises polyvinyl butyral, ethylenevinylacetate, an ionomer, a polyvinyl chloride copolymer, or a thermoplastic polyurethane.
8. The laminated article of claim 6 , wherein the laminated article comprises a windshield, a backlight, a sunroof, a fix-mounted roof panel, or a sidelight.
9. The laminated article of claim 8 , wherein the first substrate is constructed of a soda lime glass, an alkali aluminosilicate glass, an alkali-containing borosilicate glass, or an alkali aluminoborosilicate glass.
10. The laminated article of claim 9 , wherein the glass substrate comprises a different composition than the glass of the first substrate.
11. The laminated article of claim 10 , wherein the second substrate is chemically strengthened and comprises a thickness that is less than half of the thickness of the first substrate.
12. The laminated article of claim 1 , wherein a peripheral portion of the glass substrate exerts a compressive force against the polymer interlayer, and a center portion of the glass substrate exerts a tensile force against the polymer interlayer.
13. The laminated article of claim 1 , wherein the first curved surface and the second surface are separated by a uniform distance.
14. The laminated article of claim 1 , wherein the complexly-curved shape comprises a first radius of curvature of 5 m or less along a first axis and second radius of curvature of 5 m or less along a second axis extending in a different direction than the first axis.
15. The laminated article of claim 14 , wherein the first axis is perpendicular to the second axis.
16. The laminated article of claim 14 , wherein the first axis is not perpendicular to the second axis.
17. The laminated article of claim 14 , wherein the first radius of curvature is greater than or equal to 4.0 m and less than or equal to 5.0 m and the second radius of curvature is greater than or equal to 2.0 m and less than or equal to 2.5 M.
18. The laminated article of claim 1 , wherein the laminate comprises a length that is greater than or equal to 30.5 cm and less than or equal to 127 cm and a width that is greater than or equal to 30.5 cm and less than or equal to 183 cm.