Four-dimensional motion analysis of a patient's coronary arteries and myocardial wall
Systems and methods for four-dimensional analysis of a patient's coronary arteries and myocardial wall. An example method includes accessing angiographic x-ray images of one or more arteries, with the x-ray images depicting the arteries from respective angles, with each x-ray image being associated with a cardiac phase of cardiac phases, and with the cardiac phases being included in a cardiac cycle. A three-dimensional model of the arteries is generated for each cardiac phase based on a subset of the x-ray images which are associated with the cardiac phase. A four-dimensional representation of the arteries is generated throughout the cardiac cycle based on the three-dimensional models for the cardiac phase. Information associated with the four-dimensional presentation is presented.
1. A method implemented by a system of one or more processors, the method comprising:
accessing a plurality of angiographic x-ray images of one or more arteries, wherein the x-ray images depict the arteries from respective angles, wherein each x-ray image is associated with a cardiac phase of a plurality of cardiac phases, and wherein the plurality of cardiac phases are included in a cardiac cycle;
generating a three-dimensional model of the arteries for each cardiac phase based on a subset of the x-ray images which are associated with the cardiac phase;
generating a four-dimensional representation of the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle based on the three-dimensional models for the cardiac phases, wherein generating the four-dimensional representation comprises:
generating an intermediate three-dimensional model via interpolation of individual portions of individual three-dimensional models which are included in a subset of the three-dimensional models, wherein the interpolation is based on determined motion vectors associated with the individual portions of the subset of the three-dimensional models generated based on the subset of the x-ray images; and
ordering the three-dimensional models and the intermediate three-dimensional model based on the cardiac phases sequentially to simulate a heartbeat; and
causing presentation, via an interactive user interface, of information associated with the four-dimensional representation,
wherein the four-dimensional representation of the arteries includes the three-dimensional models and the intermediate three-dimensional models ordered according to the respective cardiac phases in the cardiac cycle, and wherein the subset of the three-dimensional models are adjacent to the intermediate three-dimensional model in the ordering according to the respective cardiac phases in the cardiac cycle.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the information associated with the four-dimensional representation indicates changes to the artery through at least a portion of the cardiac cycle.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein an individual three-dimensional model for an individual cardiac phase indicates spatial coordinates, and wherein the four-dimensional model indicates movement of the spatial coordinates over time.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein accessing a plurality of the angiographic x-ray images comprises:
acquiring the angiographic x-ray images at peaks and valleys of cardiac phases included in the cardiac cycle.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the information presented in the user interface includes a video depicting the three-dimensional models being adjusted during the cardiac cycle.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interactive user interface is configured to:
present a video of the three-dimensional models which form the four-dimensional representation;
respond to selection of a particular three-dimensional model; and
present detailed information associated with the particular three-dimensional model.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the user interface presents at least one three-dimensional model, and wherein the at least one three-dimensional model is adjusted in presentation based on one or more fractional flow reserve (FFR) values determined for the at least one three-dimensional model.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one three-dimensional model is shaded based on the FFR values.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
identifying, based on determined FFR values for the three-dimensional models, a lesion which is indicated only during a subset of the cardiac phases.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the user interface is configured to present information identifying the lesion and/or identifying the subset of the cardiac phases.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the four-dimensional model is configured for use in indicating an electro-mechanical pathology in the arteries.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the x-ray images are captured at a first time, and wherein causing the presentation of the information occurs within 30 minutes of the first time.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of angiographic x-ray images are captured at a first time, and wherein the method further comprises causing the one or more processors to identify a lesion which is indicated only during the subset of the cardiac phases within 30 minutes of the first time.
14. A system comprising one or more processors and non-transitory computer readable media storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
obtain a plurality of angiographic x-ray images of one or more arteries, wherein the x-ray images depict the arteries from respective angles, wherein each x-ray image is associated with a cardiac phase of a plurality of cardiac phases, and wherein the plurality of cardiac phases is included in a cardiac cycle;
generate a three-dimensional model of the arteries for each cardiac phase based on a subset of the x-ray images which are associated with the cardiac phase; and
generate a four-dimensional representation of the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle based on the three-dimensional models for the cardiac phases, wherein to generate the four-dimensional representation comprises:
generating an intermediate three-dimensional model via interpolation of individual portions of individual three-dimensional models which are included in a subset of the three-dimensional models, wherein the interpolation is based on determined motion vectors associated with the individual portions of the subset of the of the three-dimensional models generated based on the subset of the x-ray images; and
ordering the three-dimensional models and the intermediate three-dimensional model based on the cardiac phases sequentially to simulate a heartbeat,
wherein information associated with the four-dimensional representation is configured for presentation in an interactive user interface,
wherein the four-dimensional representation of the arteries includes the three-dimensional models and the intermediate three-dimensional models ordered according to the respective cardiac phases in the cardiac cycle, and wherein the subset of the three-dimensional models are adjacent to the intermediate three-dimensional model in the ordering according to the respective cardiac phases in the cardiac cycle.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the user interface is configured to present at least one three-dimensional model, and wherein the at least one three-dimensional model is adjusted in presentation based on one or more fractional flow reserve (FFR) values determined for the at least one three-dimensional model.
16. The system of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of angiographic x-ray images are captured at a first time, and further comprising instructions that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to identify a lesion which is indicated only during the subset of the cardiac phases within 30 minutes of the first time.
17. Non-transitory computer readable media storing instructions that when executed by a system of one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
access a plurality of two-dimensional (2-D) angiographic x-ray images of one or more arteries, wherein the x-ray images depict the arteries from respective angles, wherein each x-ray image is associated with a cardiac phase of a plurality of cardiac phases, and wherein the plurality of cardiac phases is included in a cardiac cycle;
generate a three-dimensional model of the arteries for each cardiac phase based on a subset of the x-ray images which are associated with the cardiac phase;
generate a four-dimensional representation of the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle based on the three-dimensional models for the cardiac phases, wherein to generate the four-dimensional representation comprises:
generating an intermediate three-dimensional model via interpolation of individual portions of individual three-dimensional models which are included in a subset of the three-dimensional models, wherein the interpolation is based on determined motion vectors associated with the individual portions of the subset of the of the three-dimensional models generated based on the subset of the x-ray images, and
ordering the three-dimensional models and the intermediate three-dimensional model based on the cardiac phases sequentially to simulate a heartbeat;
wherein information associated with the four-dimensional representation is configured for presentation in an interactive user interface,
wherein the four-dimensional representation of the arteries includes the three-dimensional models and the intermediate three-dimensional models ordered according to the respective cardiac phases in the cardiac cycle, and wherein the subset of the three-dimensional models are adjacent to the intermediate three-dimensional model in the ordering according to the respective cardiac phases in the cardiac cycle.
18. The Non-transitory computer readable media storing instructions of claim 17 , wherein the information comprises at least one three-dimensional model of the three-dimensional models adjusted in presentation based on one or more fractional flow reserve (FFR) values determined for the at least one three-dimensional model.
19. The Non-transitory computer readable media storing instructions of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of 2-D angiographic x-ray images are captured at a first time, and further comprising instructions that when executed by a system of one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to identify a lesion which is indicated only during the subset of the cardiac phases within 30 minutes of the first time.