Compositions containing s-beta-hydroxybutyrate or non-racemic mixtures enriched with the s-enatiomer
Beta-hydroxybutyrate compositions include a mixture of optically pure S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and acid(s) or non-racemic mixture of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and acid(s) enriched with the S-enantiomer. The S-beta-hydroxybutyrate enantiomer modulates the effect of ketone bodies in the subject and controls the rate at which ketosis is achieved. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid is more rapidly absorbed and utilized by the body than salts or esters, enhances taste, and reduces the need to include citric acid or other edible acids. Beta-hydroxybutyrate salts are more slowly absorbed and utilized by the body and can provide one or more electrolytes. Compositions for controlling ketone body level in a subject may contain a dietetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optically pure S-beta-hydroxybutyrate or non-racemic mixture enriched with S-beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the compositions contain greater than 50% up to 100% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than 50% down to 0% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
1. A composition for administering S-beta-hydroxybutyrate to a subject, comprising:
greater than 50% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than 50% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the S-beta-hydroxybutyrate includes S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and at least one of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salt or S-beta-hydroxybutyrate ester,
wherein the R-beta-hydroxybutyrate, when present, includes at least one of R-beta-hydroxybutyric acid, R-beta-hydroxybutyrate salt, or R-beta-hydroxybutyric ester.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the S-beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises the S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and at least one S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salt.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises at least 20% by molar equivalents of one or more S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and optionally one or more R-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and less than 80% by molar equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and optionally R-beta-hydroxybutyric acid.
4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises at least 40% by molar equivalents of one or more S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and optionally one or more R-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and less than 60% by molar equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and optionally R-beta-hydroxybutyric acid.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a greater amount by molar equivalents of one or more S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and optionally one or more R-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts than molar equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and optionally R-beta-hydroxybutyric acid.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the S-beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises the S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and at least one S-beta-hydroxybutyrate ester.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is in a dosage form that provides about 0.5 g to about 25 g of beta-hydroxybutyrate.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a non-racemic mixture containing 50.5% to 99.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and 49.5% to 0.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least one lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or amino acid salt of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
10. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a vitamin, mineral, nootropic, herbal supplement, short chain fatty acid, or short chain fatty acid ester.
11. A composition for administering S-beta-hydroxybutyrate to a subject, comprising:
greater than 50% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than 50% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the S-beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises at least one of S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid or S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salt,
wherein the composition is provided as or in a tablet, capsule, powder, food product, food additive, flavored beverage, vitamin fortified beverage, non-alcoholic beverage, flavored beverage additive, vitamin fortified beverage additive, non-alcoholic beverage additive, candy, sucker, pastille, food supplement, flavored mouth spray, or suppository.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the S-beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and at least one S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salt.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein the composition comprises at least 20% by molar equivalents of one or more S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and optionally one or more R-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and less than 80% by molar equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and optionally R-beta-hydroxybutyric acid.
14. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the composition contains from 50.5% to 99.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and 49.5% to 0.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
15. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the composition is in a dosage form that provides about 0.5 g to about 25 g of beta-hydroxybutyrate.
16. A composition for administering S-beta-hydroxybutyrate to a subject, comprising:
a dietetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier selected from the group consisting of tablet, capsule, powder, food product, food additive, flavored beverage, vitamin fortified beverage, non-alcoholic beverage, flavored beverage additive, vitamin fortified beverage additive, non-alcoholic beverage additive, candy, sucker, pastille, food supplement, flavored mouth spray, and suppository; and
greater than 50% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than 50% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the S-beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises at least one of S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid or S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salt.
17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the S-beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and optionally at least one S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salt.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the composition comprises at least 20% by molar equivalents of one or more S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and optionally one or more R-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and less than 80% by molar equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and optionally R-beta-hydroxybutyric acid.
19. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the composition contains from 50.5% to 99.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and 49.5% to 0.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
20. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the composition is in a dosage form that provides about 0.5 g to about 25 g of beta-hydroxybutyrate.
21. A composition for administering S-beta-hydroxybutyrate to a subject, comprising:
greater than 50% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than 50% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein the composition is in a dosage form that provides about 0.5 g to about 25 g of beta-hydroxybutyrate.
22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the S-beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises S-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and optionally at least one of a S-beta-hydroxybutyrate salt or S-beta-hydroxybutyrate ester.