Process for producing lipids
The present invention relates to processes for extracting lipid from vegetative plant parts such as leaves, stems, roots and tubers, and for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from the lipids. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.
1 . A process for producing extracted lipid, the process comprising the steps of:
i) extracting lipid from a collection of vegetative plant parts having a total non-polar lipid content of between 5% and 25% (w/w dry weight), the vegetative plant parts comprising one or more exogenous polynucleotides which encode at least Wrinkled 1 (WRI1) and a fatty acid acyltransferase selected from the group consisting of: phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), and
ii) recovering the extracted lipid.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the vegetative plant parts are plant leaves.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the vegetative plant parts have one or more or all of the following features:
a) oleic acid comprises at least 19% of the total fatty acid content in the non-polar lipid in the vegetative plant parts,
b) palmitic acid comprises at least 20% of the total fatty acid content in the non-polar lipid in the vegetative plant parts,
c) linoleic acid comprises at least 15% of the total fatty acid content in the non-polar lipid in the vegetative plant parts, and
d) α-linolenic acid comprises less than 15% of the total fatty acid content in the non-polar lipid in the vegetative plant parts.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the vegetative plant parts have a total non-polar content of at least 10% (w/w dry weight) or at least 11% (w/w dry weight).
5 . The process of claim 4 , wherein the vegetative plant parts are plant leaves.
6 . The process of claim 2 , wherein the total fatty acid content in the non-polar lipid of the plant leaves comprise at least 2% more oleic acid than the non-polar lipid in corresponding wild-type plant leaves.
7 . The process of claim 2 , wherein the total fatty acid content in the non-polar lipid of the plant leaves comprise at least 2% less palmitic acid than the non-polar lipid in corresponding wild-type plant leaves.
8 . The process of claim 2 , wherein the non-polar lipid of the plant leaves comprise a modified level of total sterols, non-esterified sterols, steroyl esters or steroyl glycosides relative to the non-polar lipid in corresponding wild-type plant leaves.
9 . The process of claim 1 which comprises a step of harvesting the vegetative plant parts from plants grown in the field with a mechanical harvester.
10 . The process of claim 9 , wherein the vegetative plant parts are harvested from the plant at a time between about the time of flowering of the plant to about the time senescence of the plant has started.
11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid acyltransferase comprises a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT).
12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein co-expression of WRI1 and the fatty acid acyltransferase has an effect on non-polar lipid accumulation in the vegetative plant parts that is larger than an additive effect of the individual effects of each of WRI1 and the fatty acid acyltransferase expressed alone.
13 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of extracting the lipid comprises one or more rolling, pressing, crushing or grinding the vegetative plant parts.
14 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the volume of the extracted lipid is at least 1 liter.
15 . A process for producing extracted lipid, the process comprising the steps of:
(i) extracting lipid from a collection of vegetative plant parts obtained from at least 100 transformed plants grown in a field, the vegetative plant parts comprising one or more exogenous polynucleotides which encode at least Wrinkled 1 (WRI1) and a fatty acid acyltransferase, wherein the vegetative plant parts have an average total non-polar lipid content of between 5% and 25% (w/w dry weight), and
ii) recovering the extracted lipid.
16 . An extracted lipid produced by the method of claim 1 , comprising the exogenous polynucleotides.
17 . An extracted lipid produced by the method of claim 15 , comprising the exogenous polynucleotides.
18 . The process of claim 2 , wherein the fatty acid acyltransferase comprises a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT).
19 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the fatty acid acyltransferase comprises a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT).
20 . The process of claim 12 , wherein the vegetative plant parts are plant leaves.