Porous nanostructured electrodes for detection of neurotransmitters
Embodiments of the invention are directed to a system for detecting neurotransmitters. A non-limiting example of the system includes a porous electrode. A system can also include a pH sensor attached to the porous electrode, wherein the pH sensor includes a sensing electrode and a reference electrode. The system can also include electronic circuitry in communication with the pH sensor.
1. A device comprising:
a glass layer over a trench comprising an ionic solution;
a polymer layer on a top surface of the glass layer;
a porous electrode on a surface of the polymer layer, the porous electrode configured to measure a current of a neurotransmitter oxidation;
a reference electrode separated from the glass layer by the ionic solution; and
a pH sensing electrode in contact with a bottom surface of the glass layer.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the porous electrode comprises a graphene layer.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the graphene layer has a thickness of about 0.1 nm to about 1 nm.
4. The device of claim 2 , wherein the graphene layer is doped.
5. A device comprising:
a glass layer over a trench comprising an ionic solution;
a porous electrode on a top surface of the glass layer, the porous electrode configured to measure a current of a neurotransmitter oxidation;
a reference electrode separated from the glass layer by the ionic solution; and
a pH sensing electrode in contact with a bottom surface of the glass layer.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the porous electrode comprises a graphene layer on the glass layer.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the graphene layer comprises doped or undoped graphene.
8. A device comprising:
a glass layer;
an integrated polymer layer on a top surface of the glass layer;
a porous electrode on a surface of the integrated polymer layer, the porous electrode configured to measure a current of a neurotransmitter oxidation;
a reference electrode on a bottom surface of the glass layer; and
a pH sensing electrode on the bottom surface of the glass layer.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the integrated polymer layer comprises at least one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the integrated polymer layer further comprises embedded circuitry configured to perform fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and pH sensing.
11. The device of claim 8 , wherein the porous electrode comprises a graphene layer.
12. The device of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the reference electrode and the pH sensing electrode comprises a metal oxide nanowire.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein metal oxide nanowire comprises one or more of silver oxide, platinum oxide, iridium oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhenium oxide, rhodium oxide, osmium oxide, palladium oxide, titanium oxide, and tantalum oxide.