IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,412,903
Granted Patent B1
US 12,412,903 · App. 18/313,897 · Granted Sep 9, 2025

Metallized current collector for stacked battery

Inventor: Qingcheng Zeng (San Jose, CA)
Assignee: Stacked Energy, Inc.
H01M4/661H01M4/621H01M4/624H01M10/0525H01M10/0585H01M50/197H01M50/40H01M50/534H01M2004/027H01M2004/028
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,412,903
App. No.
18/313,897
Granted
Sep 9, 2025
Kind
B1
Abstract

Batteries according to embodiments of the present technology may include a stacked battery cell having a first and second battery cell. The first battery cell may include a first cathode current collector comprising a first polymer and a first metal at least partially coating the first polymer, and a first anode current collector comprising may comprise a second polymer and a second metal at least partially coating the second polymer. The second battery cell may include a second cathode current collector comprising the first polymer and the first metal at least partially coating the first polymer, and a second anode current collector comprising the second polymer and the second metal at least partially coating the second polymer. The first anode current collector is coupled with the second cathode current collector along a first surface of the first anode current collector and a first surface of the second cathode current collector.

Claims (14)

1. A stacked battery comprising:

a first battery cell having:

a first cathode current collector comprising a first polymer and a first metal at least partially coating the first polymer, wherein the first cathode current collector is characterized by a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and a first anode current collector comprising a second polymer and a second metal at least partially coating the second polymer, wherein the first anode current collector is characterized by a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and

a second battery cell having:

a second cathode current collector comprising the first polymer and the first metal at least partially coating the first polymer, wherein the second cathode current collector is characterized by a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and

a second anode current collector comprising the second polymer and the second metal at least partially coating the second polymer, wherein the second anode current collector is characterized by a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and wherein the first anode current collector is coupled with the second cathode current collector along the first surface of the first anode current collector and the first surface of the second cathode current collector.

2. The stacked battery of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer of the first cathode current collector and the second cathode current collector define apertures through the first polymer, and wherein the first metal at least partially lines the first surface, the second surface, and sidewalls of the apertures of the first cathode current collector and the second cathode current collector.

3. The stacked battery of claim 1 , wherein the second polymer of the first anode current collector and the second anode current collector define apertures through the second polymer, and wherein the second metal at least partially lines the first surface and sidewalls of the apertures of the first anode current collector and the second anode current collector.

4. The stacked battery of claim 1 , further comprising a conductive material coated along the first surface and the second surface of each current collector of the stacked battery.

5. The stacked battery of claim 4 , wherein the conductive material is disposed within apertures defined through each current collector of the stacked battery.

6. The stacked battery of claim 4 , wherein the conductive material comprises a conductive filler disposed within a binder.

7. The stacked battery of claim 1 , wherein the first metal and the second metal are selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, titanium, silver, molybdenum, palladium, and platinum.

8. The stacked battery of claim 7 , wherein the first metal is aluminum, and wherein the second metal comprises copper or nickel.

9. The stacked battery of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer and the second polymer comprise insulative polymers comprising one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, or polyethylene terephthalate.

Assignments (3)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Dec 10, 2024
From: APPLE INC.
To: STACKED ENERGY, INC.
Reel/Frame 069543/0126 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Dec 4, 2024
From: ZENG, QINGCHENG
To: APPLE INC.
Reel/Frame 069510/0267 →
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Nov 8, 2024
From: STACKED ENERGY, INC.
To: APPLE INC.
Reel/Frame 069209/0540 →
Continuity (2)
Division 16108503 · Aug 22, 2018
Provisional Application 62558465 · Sep 14, 2017
References Cited (235)
US 4317864A · Strasser · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4374186A · McCartney et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4567119A · Lim · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 5162172A · Kaun · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5254415A · Williams et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5367431A · Kunishi et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 6004698A · Richardson et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 8124266B2 · Yamazaki · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8153410B2 · Jaffe · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8357469B2 · Shaffer, II et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8663833B2 · Hosaka et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 9142811B2 · Chami · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 10916741B1 · Dafoe et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10916796B1 · Zeilinger et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10923728B1 · Zeng · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11018343B1 · Dafoe et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11043703B1 · Zeng et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11189834B1 · Zeng · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11228074B2 · Kaye et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11296361B2 · Chu et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11335977B1 · Zeng et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11532824B2 · Chu et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11588155B1 · Erb et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11600891B1 · Erb et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11677120B2 · Erb et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11699815B1 · Zeng et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11791470B2 · Campbell et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11862801B1 · Zeng · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11888112B2 · Kaye et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11923494B2 · Erb et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20020146620A1 · Connell · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030027051A1 · Kejha et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030096170A1 · Fujiwara et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030194605A1 · Fauteux et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040001302A1 · Sato et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050019643A1 · Sugita et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050106456A1 · Puester et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20070210760A1 · Shimamura et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20090023059A1 · Kinoshita et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090068531A1 · Sawa et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090087728A1 · Less et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090136832A1 · Mitsuda et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090233175A1 · Kelley et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090297892A1 · Ijaz et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100124693A1 · Kosugi et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100134942A1 · Wang et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100285355A1 · Kozinsky et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110294007A1 · Hosaka et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120148913A1 · Chiba · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120156552A1 · Miyazaki et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120189896A1 · Zhou et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120219835A1 · Kawabe et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120263995A1 · Naito et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130065106A1 · Faust · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130089774A1 · Chami · 2013 [cited by examiner]
US 20130242593A1 · LoRocco et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130266823A1 · Lee · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140127542A1 · Li et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140154542A1 · Issaev et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140178753A1 · Chu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150037616A1 · Wyatt et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150155564A1 · Chami · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 20150228937A1 · Spilker · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150311490A1 · Murase et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150325894A1 · Merriman et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160049679A1 · Stevens et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160093845A1 · DeKeuster et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160099456A1 · Kwon et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160099490A1 · Larsson · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160111729A1 · Kim et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160197352A1 · Blaser et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160248113A1 · He et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160329535A1 · Moomaw et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160329606A1 · Ro et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170012331A1 · Ng et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170077545A1 · Shaffer, II et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170133689A1 · Moore et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170214057A1 · Kotik et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180013144A1 · Li · 2018 [cited by examiner]
US 20180219227A1 · Moomaw et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180226654A1 · Ohsawa et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180316063A1 · Masel et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190036147A1 · Yuan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200395594A1 · Doi et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20220111758A1 · Ijaz et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220111759A1 · Ijaz · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220115897A1 · Ijaz · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230026549A1 · Ijaz et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
CN 1620735A · 2005 [cited by applicant]
CN 101202355A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
CN 101809801A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CN 101884125A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CN 102005566A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
CN 102187504A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
CN 102272977A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
CN 102341948A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 102576850A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 103069614A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 103165920A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 103222098A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 103548196A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 103855360A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 103904294A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 104466191A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 104604003A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 107851747A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 1125336A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
EP 1156547A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
EP 2892097A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
EP 3196955A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
EP 3317907A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 3435473A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
JP 06503442A · 1994 [cited by applicant]
JP 07161346A · 1995 [cited by applicant]
JP 2002343452A · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2003096219A · 2003 [cited by applicant]
JP 2005005163A · 2005 [cited by applicant]
JP 2006012556A · 2006 [cited by applicant]
JP 2007012584A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
JP 2009224097A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
JP 2011009203A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
JP 2011071011A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
JP 4857710B2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
JP 2012234823A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
JP 2013114746A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
JP 2013187074A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
JP 5410822B2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
JP 2014029818A · 2014 [cited by applicant]
JP 2018083957A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
JP 2018519646A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
JP 6636607 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
KR 20130066795A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 8504287A1 · 1985 [cited by applicant]
WO 9210861A1 · 1992 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010111087A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016031689A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017007827A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018057566A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018195372A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018213601A2 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019059133A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019184311A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2021048028A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201880026199.1, Office Action, Apr. 30, 2024, 22 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/742,009 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Aug. 19, 2020, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/742,009 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Nov. 30, 2020, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/742,009 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Nov. 15, 2019, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/742,009 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Aug. 3, 2021, 16 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/742,009 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Dec. 24, 2021, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/962,133 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Jul. 7, 2020, 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/962,133 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Jan. 21, 2020, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 15/962,133 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Feb. 9, 2021, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/007,534 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On May 5, 2020, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/007,534 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Nov. 18, 2020, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/038,865 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Jun. 1, 2021, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/038,865 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Nov. 6, 2020, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/038,865 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Aug. 13, 2021, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/049,250 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Apr. 8, 2020, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/049,250 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Oct. 7, 2020, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,498 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Dec. 9, 2020, 25 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,498 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On May 17, 2021, 21 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,498 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Apr. 30, 2020, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,498 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Feb. 24, 2022, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,503 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Oct. 12, 2022, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,503 , Final Office Action, Mailed On May 25, 2021, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,503 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Oct. 2, 2020, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,503 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Feb. 2, 2022, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,503 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Feb. 10, 2023, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,522 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Sep. 9, 2020, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/108,522 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Feb. 26, 2021, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/263,890 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Jun. 16, 2020, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/263,890 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Oct. 23, 2020, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/273,625 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Feb. 16, 2021, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/273,625 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On May 4, 2020, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/273,625 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Dec. 24, 2021, 16 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/273,625 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Sep. 1, 2022, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/613,094 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Jan. 23, 2023, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/613,094 , Non Final Office Action, Mailed On Aug. 19, 2022, 16 Pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/658,442 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Aug. 16, 2022, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/658,442 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Feb. 22, 2022, 16 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/683,088 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Oct. 12, 2021, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/683,088 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Sep. 2, 2021, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/683,088 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Nov. 22, 2021, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 16/683,091 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Aug. 18, 2021, 22 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/014,550 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Oct. 18, 2022, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/014,637 , Final Office Action, Mailed On Dec. 1, 2022, 24 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/014,637 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Feb. 24, 2022, 20 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/014,637 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Jul. 25, 2022, 20 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/014,717 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Oct. 13, 2022, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/014,717 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Jan. 31, 2023, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/014,768 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Jun. 30, 2022, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/014,768 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Nov. 4, 2022, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/353,059 , Non-Final Office Action, Mailed On Nov. 1, 2022, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/353,059 , Notice of Allowance, Mailed On Feb. 28, 2023, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Boeva et al., “Soluble and Highly lonically Conducting Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes Prepared via Chemical Template Polymerization of Aniline in the Presence of Perfluorinated Polysulfonic Acid”, The Royal Society of C… [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201680039891.9 , Notice of Decision to Grant, Mailed On Mar. 22, 2021, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201680039891.9 , Office Action, Mailed On Jun. 10, 2020, 18 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201680039891.9 , Office Action, Mailed On Jan. 6, 2020, 23 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201680039891.9 , Office Action, Mailed On Oct. 27, 2020, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201780053071.X , Office Action, Mailed On Mar. 18, 2022, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201780053071.X Office Action, Mailed On Nov. 2, 2021, 20 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201780053071.X Office Action, Mailed On Apr. 16, 2021, 21 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201780053071.X , Office Action, Mailed On Aug. 30, 2022, 29 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201780053071.X , Office Action, Mailed On Apr. 27, 2023, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201880026199.1 , Office Action, Mailed On Dec. 15, 2022, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201880026199.1 , Office Action, Mailed On Mar. 3, 2022, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 202011204662.2 , Office Action, Mailed On Aug. 26, 2022, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 202011211648.5 , Notice of Decision to Grant, Mailed On Mar. 6, 2023, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 202011211648.5 , Office Action, Mailed On Aug. 19, 2022, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
European Patent Application No. 16738994.9 , Notice of Decision to Grant, Mailed On Sep. 24, 2020, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
European Patent Application No. 16738994.9 , Office Action, Mailed On Mar. 23, 2018, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Japan Patent Application No. 2018-500449 , Notice of Decision to Grant, Mailed On Nov. 18, 2019, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Japan Patent Application No. 2018-500449 , Office Action, Mailed On Jan. 21, 2019, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Korea Patent Application No. 10-2018-7000263 , Notice of Decision to Grant, Mailed On Apr. 8, 2020, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Korea Patent Application No. 10-2018-7000263 , Office Action, Mailed On Sep. 27, 2019, 16 pages. [cited by applicant]
Korea Patent Application No. 10-2018-7000263 , Office Action, Mailed On Feb. 28, 2019, 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2016/041151 , International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Mailed On Jan. 18, 2018, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2016/041151 , International Search Report and Written Opinion, Mailed On Aug. 25, 2016, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2017/052413 , International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Mailed On Apr. 4, 2019, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2017/052413 , International Search Report and Written Opinion, Mailed On Feb. 1, 2018, 19 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2017/052413 , “Invitation to Pay Additional Fees and, Where Applicable, Protest Fee”, Dec. 8, 2017, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/028472 , International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Mailed On Oct. 31, 2019, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/028472 , International Search Report and Written Opinion, Mailed On Jul. 27, 2018, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/033218 , International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Mailed On Nov. 28, 2019, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/033218 , International Search Report and Written Opinion, Mailed On Nov. 16, 2018, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/042598 , International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Mailed On Feb. 6, 2020, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Application No. PCT/US2020/060348 , International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Mailed On May 27, 2022, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/060348 , International Search Report and Written Opinion, Mailed On Mar. 12, 2021, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/060350 , International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Mailed On May 27, 2022, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/060350 , International Search Report and Written Opinion, Mailed On Mar. 12, 2021, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2021/049023 , International Preliminary Report on Patentability, Mailed On Mar. 23, 2023, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Patent Application No. PCT/US2021/049023 , International Search Report and Written Opinion, Mailed On Dec. 22, 2021, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Thuc et al., “Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Anion Exchange Membrane Based on Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Modified by Free-Radical Polymerization”, International Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 15, Jul. 10… [cited by applicant]
Weng et al., “Three-Electrolyte Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems Using Both Anion- and Cation-Exchange Membranes as Separators”, Energy, vol. 167, Jan. 15, 2019, pp. 1-32. [cited by applicant]
China Patent Application No. 201880026199.1, “Office Action”, May 10, 2023, 20 pages. [cited by applicant]