IP Library Granted Patent US 12,735,774
Granted Patent B2
US 12,735,774 · App. 18/324,749 · Granted Sep 15, 2026

Processing of cobalt-tungsten alloys

Inventors: Donal F. Manley (Cork, IE); Puneet Kamal Singh Gill (Anaheim, CA); Diarmuid P. Meagher (Golden, IE)
Assignee: Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.
C22C30/00A61F2/82A61F2310/00035
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,735,774
App. No.
18/324,749
Granted
Sep 15, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

Radiopaque implantable structures (e.g., stents) formed of cobalt-based alloys that comprise cobalt, chromium, tungsten, nickel, and platinum or another another metal having an atomic number or density greater than that of cobalt for increased radiopacity. In particular, processes are described for removing precipitate inclusions (e.g., tungsten rich precipitates) that render the alloy otherwise unsuitable for use in formation of a stent or similar implantable structure. The alloy with such precipitate inclusions can be heat treated within a narrow temperature range of about 1250° C. (e.g., 1225° C. to 1275° C.) for a time period in a narrow range of about 30 minutes (e.g., 20 to 40 minutes), to remove such precipitate inclusions. Higher temperatures and/or longer treatment times surprisingly do not resolve the precipitate inclusions, but treatment at about 1250° C. for about 30 minutes substantially removes the precipitates, resulting in a substantially homogenous structure suitable for use as a stent.

Claims (40)

1 . A process comprising:

providing an alloy formed from cobalt in an amount from about 20% to about 40% by weight, chromium, tungsten, and at least one of a platinum group metal, a precious metal, a refractory metal or another metal having an atomic number or density greater than that of cobalt; and

heating the alloy to a temperature of at least 1200° C.; and

quenching the alloy to 600° C. or less.

2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloy comprises cobalt, chromium, tungsten, and platinum.

3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the quenching is performed within a period of time of less than 5 minutes.

4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the quenching is performed by immersing the alloy in water.

5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein heating the alloy is to a temperature of at least about 1250° C. for a time period of at least about 30 minutes.

6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloy comprises chromium in an amount of about 20% by weight.

7 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloy comprises nickel in an amount of about 10% by weight.

8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloy is substantially or entirely free of molybdenum and/or carbon.

9 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the quenching is performed within a period of time of less than 1 minute.

10 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloy comprises no more than 1% of each of silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur by weight.

11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises manganese in an amount of up to 5% by weight.

12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises iron in an amount of up to 5% by weight.

13 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises both manganese and iron in a concentration of up to about 3% each, by weight.

14 . The process of claim 1 , wherein a sum of cobalt and platinum comprises from 48% to about 60% by weight of the alloy.

15 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alloy comprises:

about 20-37% cobalt;

about 20-30% platinum;

about 19-21% chromium;

about 14-16% tungsten;

about 9-11% nickel; and

about 1-2% manganese.

16 . The process of claim 15 , wherein the alloy comprises one or more trace elements as follows:

0-3% iron;

0-0.03% sulfur;

0-0.04% phosphorus; and

0-0.04% silicon.

17 . A process for the production of a cobalt-chromium alloy including tungsten and platinum, the process comprising:

providing an alloy formed from cobalt, chromium, tungsten, and platinum, wherein the alloy includes precipitate inclusions, so as to not be substantially homogenous;

heating the alloy to a temperature from about 1225° C. to 1275° C. for a time period from about 20 to about 40 minutes to remove the precipitate inclusions from the alloy, providing a substantially homogenous alloy; and

quenching the alloy to 600° C. or less within 5 minutes.

18 . The process of claim 17 , wherein the precipitate inclusions comprise tungsten.

19 . The process of claim 17 , wherein the precipitate inclusions comprise Co 3 W.

20 . A process for the production of a stent formed from a cobalt-chromium alloy including tungsten and platinum, the process comprising:

providing an alloy in the form of a tube or a rod formed from cobalt, chromium, tungsten, and platinum, wherein the alloy includes precipitate inclusions, so as to not be substantially homogenous;

heating the alloy to a temperature from about 1225° C. to 1275° C. for a time period from about 20 to about 40 minutes to remove the precipitate inclusions from the alloy, providing a substantially homogenous alloy;

quenching the alloy to 600° C. or less within 5 minutes; and

drawing the tube or rod.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 26, 2023
From: MANLEY, DONAL F.; GILL, PUNEET KAMAL SINGH; MEAGHER, DIARMUID P.
To: ABBOTT CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS, INC.
Reel/Frame 063777/0729 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63350106 · Jun 8, 2022
Related Publication 20230399725A1 · Dec 14, 2023
References Cited (400)
US 2938850A · Hans · 1960 [cited by applicant]
US 3203884A · Heinz et al. · 1965 [cited by applicant]
US 3612058A · Ackerman · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 3635703A · Pissarevsky · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3912550A · Bolte et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3937628A · Watanabe et al. · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 4127459A · Jumer · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4330381A · Jumer · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4654092A · Melton · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4685977A · Chang · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4846186A · Box et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4854330A · Evans et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4967753A · Haase et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5061275A · Wallsten et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5067489A · Lind · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5069226A · Yamauchi et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5147317A · Shank et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5171383A · Sagae et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5174295A · Christian et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5174302A · Palmer · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5184621A · Vogel et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5238004A · Sahatjian et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5287858A · Hammerslag et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5330826A · Taylor et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5353798A · Sieben · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5353808A · Viera · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5354623A · Hall · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5404887A · Prather · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5421955A · Lau et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5433200A · Fleischhacker, Jr. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5449369A · Imran · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5480382A · Hammerslag et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5514154A · Lau et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5569295A · Lam · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5603721A · Lau et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5618299A · Khosravi et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5628787A · Mayer · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5630840A · Mayer · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5636641A · Fariabi · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5649952A · Lam · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5666969A · Urick et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5673707A · Chandrasekaran · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5695111A · Nanis · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5716400A · Davidson · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5716417A · Girard et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5725572A · Lam et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5728158A · Lau et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5735893A · Lau et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5746701A · Noone · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5759192A · Saunders · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5766238A · Lau et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5776080A · Thome et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5788654A · Schwager · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5797857A · Obitsu · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5799386A · Ingersoll et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5803344A · Stankavich et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5824077A · Mayer · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5849037A · Frid · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5858556A · Eckert et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5865767A · Frechette et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5876432A · Lau et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5891055A · Sauter · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5891191A · Stinson · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5916178A · Noone et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5984973A · Girard et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5985126A · Bleck et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6004279A · Crowley et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6027528A · Tomonto et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6139511A · Huter et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6183353B1 · Frantzen · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6214200B1 · Altena et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6221096B1 · Aiba et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6234981B1 · Howland · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6287331B1 · Heath · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6355058B1 · Pacetti et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6375826B1 · Wang et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6390992B1 · Morris et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6419693B1 · Fariabi · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6500130B2 · Kinsella et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6503290B1 · Jarosinski et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6508803B1 · Horikawa et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6592570B2 · Abrams et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6599415B1 · Ku et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6602228B2 · Nanis et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6602272B2 · Boylan et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6610046B1 · Usami et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6620192B1 · Jalisi · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6679980B1 · Andreacchi · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 7105018B1 · Yip et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7156869B1 · Pacetti · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7208070B2 · Swain · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7244319B2 · Abrams et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7250058B1 · Pacetti et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7252746B2 · Schaeffer · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7294214B2 · Craig · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7318837B2 · Krivoruchko et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7357854B1 · Andreacchi · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7413574B2 · Yip et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7488343B2 · O'Brien et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7494474B2 · Richardson et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7498062B2 · Calcaterra et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7501048B2 · Loermans et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7540997B2 · Stinson · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7601230B2 · Craig · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7632303B1 · Stalker et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7740798B2 · Stinson · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7771581B2 · Callol et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7776189B2 · Shrivastava et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7785274B2 · Mishima et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7883474B1 · Mirigian et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8100837B1 · Cornish et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8267872B2 · Ressemann et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8323459B2 · Andreacchi et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8348860B2 · Murayama et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8360995B2 · Elsesser et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8430923B2 · Pacetti et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8529710B2 · Ishida et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8591672B2 · Janko et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8613849B2 · Wong et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8617379B2 · Wong et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8617380B2 · Wong et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8790393B2 · Bregulla et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8808618B2 · Furst et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8815061B2 · Andreacchi et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8852264B2 · Pacetti et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8992761B2 · Lin · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9045843B2 · Andreacchi et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9133563B2 · Andreacchi · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9145619B2 · Andreacchi et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9566147B2 · Kramer-Brown et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9566174B1 · De et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9592135B2 · Thompson · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9668890B2 · Ma et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9724494B2 · Purtzer · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 10441445B2 · Kramer-Brown et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10617541B2 · Nishigishi · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10835393B2 · Ma et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11141296B2 · Thompson · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11298251B2 · Simpson et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11779477B2 · Simpson et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11806488B2 · Purtzer · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 12150872B2 · Simpson et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12151049B2 · Simpson et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20010009981A1 · Dubois et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020032477A1 · Helmus et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020062092A1 · Muni et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020082524A1 · Anderson et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020087099A1 · Nanis et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030102360A1 · Eungard et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030120181A1 · Toma et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030125642A1 · Kato et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030134142A1 · Ivey et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040111044A1 · Davis et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040129347A1 · Craig · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040167436A1 · Reynolds et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040167442A1 · Shireman et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040181175A1 · Clayman et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040225231A1 · Ehr · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040236433A1 · Kennedy et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040243168A1 · Ferrera et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040267351A1 · Swain · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050054952A1 · Eskuri et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050056687A1 · Matsumoto et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050059889A1 · Mayer · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050060025A1 · Mackiewicz et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050070997A1 · Thornton et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050096568A1 · Kato · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050098444A1 · Schaeffer · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050124917A1 · Skujins et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050137501A1 · Euteneuer et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050145307A1 · Shireman et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050145508A1 · Larsen et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050263171A1 · Wu et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050263717A1 · Soluri et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050267385A1 · Hofmann et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050273021A1 · Burgermeister · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050273156A1 · Burgermeister et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050288773A1 · Glocker et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060079954A1 · Burgermeister et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060122537A1 · Reynolds et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060190070A1 · Dieck et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060241519A1 · Hojeibane et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060259126A1 · Lenz · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060264784A1 · Lupton · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060271169A1 · Lye et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060272751A1 · Kato · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060287709A1 · Rao · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070034527A1 · Diaz et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070034528A1 · Diaz et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070135891A1 · Schneider · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070156215A1 · Jensen et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070173925A1 · Fliedner · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070185415A1 · Ressemann et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070185564A1 · Pacetti et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070198044A1 · Lupton et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070209947A1 · Shrivastava et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070219464A1 · Davis et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070219465A1 · Cedro et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070219624A1 · Brown et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070244413A1 · Biggins · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070249964A1 · Richardson et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070249965A1 · Abrams et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070265699A1 · Grewe et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070270942A1 · Thomas · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080004546A1 · Kato · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080033522A1 · Grewe et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080070058A1 · Dasgupta et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080077049A1 · Hirshman · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080091267A1 · Stinson et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080097248A1 · Munoz et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080146967A1 · Richardson et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080160259A1 · Nielson et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080161726A1 · Itou · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080177371A1 · Ryan et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080183280A1 · Agnew et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080200879A1 · Jalisi et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080208308A1 · Allen et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080208352A1 · Krivoruchko et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080215132A1 · Ryan et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080228109A1 · Kinoshita et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080234605A1 · Urie · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080257717A1 · Vacheron · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080262600A1 · Jalisi · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080281230A1 · Kinoshita et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080312747A1 · Cameron et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090000105A1 · Kato · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090030500A1 · Weber et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090048659A1 · Weber et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090093871A1 · Rea et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090112127A1 · Keating et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090118675A1 · Czyscon et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090118822A1 · Holman et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090149947A1 · Frohwitter · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090163833A1 · Kinoshita et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090204203A1 · Allen et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090227902A1 · Simpson et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090240324A1 · Smith · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090254000A1 · Layman et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090255827A1 · Andreacchi et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090258050A1 · Lindsay et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090259299A1 · Moloney · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090276033A1 · Mayer · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100004562A1 · Jalisi et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100004733A1 · Atanasoska et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100049304A1 · Clifford et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100158426A1 · Manipatruni et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100158436A1 · Riska · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100172789A1 · Calla et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100217373A1 · Boyle et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100222866A1 · Wachter et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100222873A1 · Atanasoska et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100241210A1 · Patadia · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100249654A1 · Elsesser et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100262227A1 · Rangwala et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110062031A1 · Wulf · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110066106A1 · Kato · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110098648A1 · Kato · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110106236A1 · Su et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110118628A1 · Zhou et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110247943A1 · Bialas et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110264161A1 · Schiefer et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110319872A1 · Kawasaki · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110319980A1 · Ryan · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120016458A1 · Abunassar · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120041342A1 · Purtzer · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120065623A1 · Nelson et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120109108A1 · Boyle et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120123525A1 · Kramer-Brown et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120199489A1 · Vacheron · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120282571A1 · Ammon et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130006149A1 · Purtzer · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130006222A1 · Nabeshima et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130013055A1 · Pacetti et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130092554A1 · Wong et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130092556A1 · Wong et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130092557A1 · Wong et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130096669A1 · Bregulla et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130204353A1 · Kramer-Brown et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130241112A1 · Jow · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140014530A1 · Lin · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140076719A1 · Andreacchi et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140076720A1 · Andreacchi et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140076737A1 · Andreacchi et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140076739A1 · Andreacchi · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140155979A1 · Lam et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140271319A1 · Zheng et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140277392A1 · Webler, Jr. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140360887A1 · Andreacchi et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20160002816A1 · Andreacchi · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170296365A1 · Kramer-Brown et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180340245A1 · Kernion et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20210106729A1 · Simpson et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CN 101115869A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
CN 101554685A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
CN 102356185A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 102481662A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 102552991A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 202412010U · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 103252496A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 110306099A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
EP 0804934A2 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
EP 1604691A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
EP 1632584A1 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
EP 1674118A2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
EP 1731241A1 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
EP 1829982A1 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
EP 2054101A2 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
EP 2640432A0 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
EP 2676684A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
EP 2676686A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
EP 3138587A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 07090694A · 1995 [cited by applicant]
JP 08302500A · 1996 [cited by applicant]
JP 09508538 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
JP 10025531A · 1998 [cited by applicant]
JP 2001001124A · 2001 [cited by applicant]
JP 2002503529 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2002069555A · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2003267609A · 2003 [cited by applicant]
JP 2006519068 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
JP 2008188670A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 9733534A1 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO 9915108A2 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO 0054704A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 0069368A2 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 0115632A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 0117577A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 0161080A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 0172349A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 0278763 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO 2007103446A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008022126A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009126431A2 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010081723A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010107798A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012068358A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013162690A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014159743A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014159747A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019164062A1 · 2019 [cited by examiner]
Luty, Wacław. “Types of cooling media and their properties.” Theory and technology of quenching: a handbook. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. 248-340. [cited by examiner]
English Abstract and English Machine Translation of Choi (WO 2019/164062 A1) (Aug. 29, 2019). [cited by examiner]
U.S. Appl. filed Nov. 17, 2010, Boylan., U.S. Appl. No. 61/414,566. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 11/370,642, filed Apr. 12, 2010, Notice of Allowance. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 11/370,642, filed Sep. 22, 2009, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 11/736,979, filed Apr. 10, 2013, Issue Notification. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,869, filed Apr. 1, 2013, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,869, filed Apr. 26, 2013, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,869, filed Jul. 9, 2014, Issue Notification. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,869, filed Mar. 18, 2014, Notice of Allowance. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/271,869, filed Nov. 27, 2013, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/617,877, filed Apr. 18, 2014, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/617,877, filed Dec. 20, 2013, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/617,877, filed Sep. 14, 2012, Anthony S. Andreacchi, Sep. 23, 2014, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/617,877, filed Sep. 23, 2014, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,348, filed Apr. 16, 2014, Notice of Allowance. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,348, filed Dec. 19, 2013, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,348, filed Sep. 14, 2012, Anthony S. Andreacchi, Apr. 16, 2014, Notice of Allowance. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,348, filed Sep. 14, 2012, Anthony S. Andreacchi, Aug. 6, 2014, Issue Notification. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,407, Dec, 2, 2014, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,407, Mail Date May 13, 2015, Notice of Allowance. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,455, filed Feb. 2, 2015, Notice of Allowance. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,455, filed Sep. 14, 2012, Andreacchi et al. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,455, Mail Date May 13, 2015, Issue Notification. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,455, Mail Date May 8, 2014, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,455, Mail Date Sep. 25, 2014, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,455, filed May 8, 2014, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,455, filed Sep. 25, 2014, Office Action. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Patent Application filed on Mar. 14, 2013, by Kramer-Brown et al., U.S. Appl. No. 13/830,404. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 11/736,979, filed Feb. 20, 2013, Issue Notification. [cited by applicant]
Wang et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiWx high entropy alloys reinforced by u phase particles. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 843 (2020) 155997. (Year: 2020). [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al. Phase transformations in Co—Ni—Cr—W alloys during high temperature exposure to steam environment. J. Phase Equil. Diffus. (2018) 39:387-400. (Year: 2018). [cited by applicant]
Advisory Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 15/670,761, mailed on Jan. 12, 2022, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Advisory Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 15/670,761, mailed on Mar. 16, 2021, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Campbell, ed. Chapter 16 Nonequilbrium Reactions—Precipitation Hardening. Phase Diagrams Understanding the Basics. ASM International. 2012. 339-361. (Year: 2012). [cited by applicant]
CN 101554685 machine translation (Year: 2009). [cited by applicant]
CN 103252496 machine translation (Year: 2013). [cited by applicant]
CN 110306099 machine translation (Year: 2019). [cited by applicant]
Cordis Palmaz Blue .018 Peripheral Stent System, Johson & Johnson Medical NV/SA, May 2005 (2 pages) http://www.jjnordic.com/Lists/FileList1/Attatchments/174/PalmazBlue.sub.—-018.sub.—Brochure.PDF. [cited by applicant]
Dinega, Dmitry P., and M. G. Bawendi. “A solution-phase chemical approach to a new crystal structure of cobalt.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition 38.12 (1999): 1788-1791. [cited by applicant]
Donachie et al. Chapter 7 Powder Metallurgy Processing. Superalloys A Technical Guide. Second Edition. 2002. ASM International. 117-134. (Year: 2002). [cited by applicant]
Duerig, T. W., Melton, K. N., & Stockel, D. (2013), Engineering aspects of shape memory alloys. Butterworth-Heinemann, 414-419. [cited by applicant]
Eutectic system. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 11:54, Apr. 27, 2010, 1-5, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eutectic_system&oldid=702728275. [cited by applicant]
Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 15/670,761, mailed on Jan. 27, 2021, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 15/670,761, mailed on Oct. 29, 2021, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 16/601,259, mailed on Sep. 23, 2021, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Forging of Niobium, tantalum, and their alloys, MetalPass, accessed Apr. 18, 2013. http://www.metalpass.com/metaldoc/paper.aspx?docID=312. [cited by applicant]
Giessen et al., “Coronary Stenting with a New Radiopaque Balloon Expandable Endoprosthesis in Pigs”, Circulation, vol. 83, No. 5, May 1991, pp. 1788-1798. [cited by applicant]
Gold. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Revised on Apr. 22, 2010, Retrieved 11:11, Aug. 7, 2017, 1-21, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gold&diff=357659233&oldid=357425502. [cited by applicant]
Indium. (Feb. 25, 2016). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12:13, Apr. 27, 2010, 1-7, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indium&oldid=706790732. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority dated Sep. 26, 2007, for related PCT Application No. PCT/US2007/05844. [cited by applicant]
Issue Notification received for U.S. Appl. No. 09/534,071, mailed on Jul. 11, 2007. [cited by applicant]
Issue Notification received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/172,278 mailed on Jul. 19, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Issue Notification received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/548,908 mailed on Mar. 11, 2015. [cited by applicant]
Issue Notification received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,348 mailed on Aug. 6, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Issue Notification received for U.S. Appl. No. 13/618,602, mailed on Sep. 17, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Jacobson, D. M., & Humpston, G, (1989). Gold coatings for fluxless soldering. Gold Bulletin, 22(1), 9-18. [cited by applicant]
Liu. 2 Processes and Techniques for Droplet Generation. Science and Engineering of Droplets. Notes Publications. 2000. 19-120. (Year: 2000). [cited by applicant]
Narushima, Precipitates-in-Biomedical-Co-Cr-Alloys_Narushima-Mineta-Kurihara-Ueda_Publishedonline-Feb. 26, 2013, Feb. 26, 2013, JOM, vol. 65, No. 4, 2013, 489, 65. [cited by applicant]
Non-Final Office Action received for U.S. Appl. No. 15/670,761, mailed on Jul. 20, 2021, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]