Low-temperature/BEOL-compatible highly scalable graphene synthesis tool
In one aspect, a highly scalable diffusion-couple apparatus includes a transfer chamber configured to load a wafer into a process chamber. The process chamber is configured to receive the wafer substrate from the transfer chamber. The process chamber comprises a chamber for growth of a diffusion material on the wafer. A heatable bottom disk includes a first heating mechanism. The heatable bottom disk is fixed and heatable to a specified temperature. The wafer is placed on the heatable bottom disk. A heatable top disk comprising a second heating mechanism. The heatable top disk is configured to move up and down along an x axis and an x prime axis to apply a mechanical pressure to the wafer on the heatable bottom disk. While the heatable top disk applies the mechanical pressure, a chamber pressure is maintained at a specified low value. The first heating mechanism and the second heating mechanism can be independently tuned to any value in the working range.
1 . A method for migration of a deposited one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple deposited on a substrate to a substrate surface comprising:
using a reactor system to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface by:
applying a specified pressure to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface, and
applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface,
the specified pressure being a mechanical pressure greater than 30 psi and less than 1000 psi.
2 . The method of claim 1 ,
the reactor system using a mechanical means to apply the pressure to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface, and
the mechanical means comprising a pneumatic mechanical means, a hydraulic mechanical means, or a piezoelectric array.
3 . The method of claim 1 ,
the reactor system using a flexible pressurized membrane to apply the pressure to facilitate the migration of the materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate surface.
4 . The method of claim 1 ,
the operation of applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate surface comprises:
using a resistive heating through a direct contact or an indirect contact to apply the temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface,
the temperature being greater than 50° C. and less than 500° C.
5 . The method of claim 1 ,
applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate surface comprises:
using a heated gas to apply the temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface,
the temperature being greater than 50° C. and less than 500° C.
6 . The method of claim 1 ,
applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate surface comprises:
using a radiative heating to apply the temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface,
the temperature being greater than 50° C. and less than 500° C.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
using a plurality of reactor configurations capable of processing multiple substrates for batch processing of the substrates.
8 . The method of claim 1 ,
the diffusion material comprising carbon.
9 . A method for migration of a deposited one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple deposited on a substrate to a substrate surface comprising:
using a reactor system to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface by:
applying a specified pressure to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface, and
applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface,
the temperature being greater than 50° C. and less than 500° C.
10 . The method of claim 9 ,
the reactor system using a mechanical means to apply the pressure to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface, and
the mechanical means comprising a pneumatic mechanical means, a hydraulic mechanical means, or a piezoelectric array.
11 . The method of claim 9 ,
the reactor system using a flexible pressurized membrane to apply the pressure to facilitate the migration of the materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate surface.
12 . The method of claim 9 ,
applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate surface comprises:
using a resistive heating through a direct contact or an indirect contact to apply the temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface,
the diffusion material comprising carbon.
13 . The method of claim 9 ,
applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate surface comprises:
using a heated gas to apply the temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface,
the diffusion material comprising carbon.
14 . The method of claim 9 ,
applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate surface comprises:
using a radiative heating to apply the temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface,
the diffusion material comprising carbon.
15 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
using a plurality of reactor configurations capable of processing multiple substrates for batch processing of the substrates.
16 . A method for migration of a deposited one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple deposited on a substrate to a substrate surface comprising:
using a reactor system to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface by:
applying a specified pressure to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface, and
applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface,
the specified pressure being a mechanical pressure greater than 30 psi and less than 1000 psi,
the temperature being greater than 50° C. and less than 500° C.,
the diffusion material comprising carbon,
graphene being formed, and
the graphene being disposed at the substrate surface.
17 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
using a plurality of reactor configurations capable of processing multiple substrates for batch processing of the substrates.
18 . The method of claim 16 ,
the substrate comprising single-crystal, polycrystalline, or amorphous semiconductor materials comprising Si, or Ge, or Cu, or Ru, or Mo, or W, or SiO2, or porous SiO2, or HSQ (hydrogen silsesquioxane), and
a top surface of the substrate, the substrate surface, comprising a dielectric material, or a metal, or both.
19 . The method of claim 16 ,
the carbon comprising amorphous carbon.
20 . The method of claim 16 ,
applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate surface comprises:
using a resistive heating through a direct contact or an indirect contact to apply the temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate surface.