System and method for clustering probe vehicles for real-time traffic application
A system and method for forming a cluster of probe vehicles, aggregating and processing (e.g., averaging) data generated by the members of the cluster, and reporting only the processed data to a receiving center, such as a Traffic Management Center, thereby reducing the number of simultaneous communication channels required to report the data and reducing the amount of data which must be processed in real-time at the receiving center. Broadly, each cluster identifies one member to which all other members report. The identified member receives the individual reports, aggregates and processes the data, and then transmits it to the receiving center for further processing.
1. A method of collecting traffic data, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a cluster of at least two probe vehicles, wherein each probe vehicle is operable to collect traffic data;
(b) establishing one of the probe vehicles as a cluster head;
(c) for each probe vehicle in the cluster, collecting traffic data and communicating the traffic data at least periodically to the cluster head;
(d) processing the traffic data at the cluster head; and
(e) communicating the processed traffic data from the cluster head to a receiving center.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the traffic data includes, for each probe vehicle, at least a current time, a current location, a current speed, and a current heading.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the probe vehicles communicate with the cluster head using short-range communication.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein processing the traffic data at the cluster head includes aggregating and averaging the traffic data.
5. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the receiving center is a traffic management center.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further including the step of allowing additional probe vehicles to join the cluster.
7. The method as set forth in claim 6 , wherein the additional probe vehicles are allowed to join the cluster only so long as a pre-established maximum number of cluster members has not been reached.
8. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further including the step of allowing probe vehicles to leave the cluster.
9. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further including the step of for any probe vehicle in the cluster but not within communication range with the cluster head, relaying that probe vehicle's collected and communicated traffic data through another probe vehicle to the cluster head.
10. The method as set forth in claim 1 , further including the step of if the cluster head indicates that it is leaving the cluster, establishing one of the remaining probe vehicles as a new cluster head.
11. A system implementing the method as set forth in claim 1 .
12. A method of collecting traffic data, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a cluster of at least two probe vehicles, wherein each probe vehicle is operable to collect traffic data;
(b) establishing one of the probe vehicles as a cluster head;
(c) allowing additional probe vehicles to join the cluster;
(d) for each probe vehicle, collecting traffic data and communicating the traffic data at least periodically to the cluster head using short-range communication;
(e) for any probe vehicle not within communication range with the cluster head, relaying that probe vehicle's collected and communicated traffic data through another probe vehicle to the cluster head;
(f) aggregating and averaging the traffic data at the cluster head;
(g) communicating the aggregated and averaged traffic data from the cluster head to a receiving center; and
(h) if the cluster head indicates that it is leaving the cluster, establishing one of the remaining probe vehicles as a new cluster head.
13. The method as set forth in claim 12 , wherein the additional probe vehicles are allowed to join the cluster only so long as a pre-established maximum number of cluster members has not been reached.
14. The method as set forth in claim 12 , wherein the traffic data includes, for each probe vehicle, at least a current time, a current location, a current speed, and a current heading.
15. The method as set forth in claim 12 , wherein the receiving center is a traffic management center.
16. A system implementing the method as set forth in claim 12 .