Method, system, program product for bonding two circuitry-including substrates and related stage

1. A method of bonding two circuitry-including substrates, the method comprising:

providing a first stage for holding a first circuitry-including substrate and a second stage for holding a second circuitry-including substrate;

identifying an alignment mark on each substrate;

determining a location and a topography of each alignment mark on each substrate, wherein the location and the topography are determined using laser diffraction;

creating an alignment model for each substrate based on the location and topography of the alignment mark thereon; and

bonding the first and second circuitry-including substrates together while aligning the first and second substrates based on the alignment model, wherein the bonding includes thermally adjusting at least one of a plurality of zones on at least one of the substrates based on the topography.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermally adjusting includes correcting for at least one of a local error and a substrate bow.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the providing includes providing each stage with a plurality of thermal actuators.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alignment model incorporates translation data, rotation data, magnification data and substrate bow data.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of thermal actuators each includes at least one of a Peltier element and a resistive element.

6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the providing further includes providing each stage with a plurality of piezoelectric devices, each piezoelectric device including an actuator and a sensor, and the bonding further includes mechanically adjusting at least one of the substrates using the actuator of the piezoelectric device.