Method of manufacturing bonded substrate, bonded substrate, method of manufacturing solid-state imaging apparatus, solid-state imaging apparatus, and camera

1. A device comprising:

a semiconductor layer having an electronic circuit;

a support substrate supporting the semiconductor layer;

a first bonding layer formed on a surface of and in direct physical contact with the semiconductor layer at the support substrate side; and

a second bonding layer formed on a surface of the support substrate at the semiconductor layer side and which is bonded to the first bonding layer,

wherein both the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer have silicon carbonitride, and

a layer having silicon carbonitride formed at a surface of at least a part of at least one of the first bonding layer and the second bonding laver.

2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein an electronic circuit is also formed in or on the support substrate.

3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the layer having silicon carbonitride is formed at the surface, to bond the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer, of at least either one of the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer, in at least either one of the first bonding layer forming step and the second bonding layer forming step.

4. The device according to claim 3 , further comprising:

a first contact penetrating the first bonding layer and connected to the electronic circuit of the semiconductor substrate, and a second contact penetrating the second bonding layer and connected to an electronic circuit of the support substrate,

wherein the layer having silicon carbonitride is formed at a surface of an area, exclusive of the areas of the first contact and the second contact, of at least either one of the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer, and

the first contact and the second contact are electrically connected to each other.

5. An imaging apparatus, comprising:

an electronic circuit having a light-receiving surface including photodiodes divided on a basis of each pixel of a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix pattern on a surface of one side of a semiconductor substrate;

a first bonding layer on the surface of and in direct physical contact with one side of the semiconductor substrate;

a second bonding layer on a surface of one side of a support substrate, and

a layer having silicon carbonitride formed at a surface of at least a part of at least one of the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer,

wherein the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer are adhered to each other,

wherein the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer are bonded to each other,

wherein a thickness of the semiconductor substrate is such that light coming from a surface on an other side of the semiconductor substrate reaches the light-receiving surface, so as to form a semiconductor layer, and

wherein a layer having silicon carbonitride is formed at a surface of both the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer.

6. An imaging apparatus comprising:

a semiconductor layer provided with an electronic circuit having a light-receiving surface including photodiodes divided on a basis of pixels arranged in a matrix pattern;

a support substrate supporting the semiconductor layer;

a first bonding layer formed on a surface of and in direct physical contact with the semiconductor layer at the support substrate side;

a second bonding layer formed on a surface of the support substrate at the semiconductor layer side and which is bonded to the first bonding layer; and

a layer having silicon carbonitride formed at a surface of at least a part of at least one of the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer,

wherein both the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer have silicon carbonitride.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:

an insulation layer on the support substrate side of the semiconductor layer, wherein the insulation layer is between the first bonding layer and the semiconductor layer.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the insulation layer includes a plurality of wirings.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , further comprising:

an electronic circuit formed in or on the semiconductor layer.

10. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising:

an optical system operable to guide incident light to an imaging unit of the imaging apparatus.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising:

a signal processing circuit operable to process an output signal from the plurality of pixels.

12. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein hydroxyl groups are introduced into a surface of the first bonding layer and a surface of the second bonding layer.

13. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer are bonded to each other by dehydration condensation during the heat treatment.

14. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:

a copper-containing layer on at least either one of the semiconductor layer and the support substrate.

15. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:

an aluminum-containing layer on at least either one of the semiconductor layer and the support substrate.

16. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:

a first contact penetrating the first bonding layer and connected to an electronic circuit of the semiconductor layer, and a second contact penetrating the second bonding layer and connected to an electronic circuit of the support substrate.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein silicon carbonitride is on a surface of an area, exclusive of areas of the first contact and the second contact, of at least either one of the first bonding layer and the second bonding layer, and wherein the first contact and the second contact are electrically connected to each other.