Basket catheter with microelectrode array distal tip
A catheter adapted for greater mapping resolution and location precision has a basket-shaped, high density electrode assembly for large-area mapping, and an integrated distal tip providing an array of ultra-high density microelectrodes for acute focal mapping. The basket-shaped electrode assembly 18 has a plurality of electrode-carrying spines and the distal tip has a nonmetallic, electrically insulating substrate body with indentations in which microelectrodes are positioned in a manner that the outer surface is generally flush with the outer surface of the substrate body to present a generally smooth, atraumatic distal tip profile.
1. A catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter body having proximal and distal ends and at least one lumen therethrough;
a tip assembly at the distal end of the catheter body, the tip assembly comprising:
a substrate body having proximal and distal portions and a solid and unitary construction, the proximal portion of the substrate body comprising a proximal outer surface having a two-dimensional curvature, and the distal portion of the substrate body comprising a distal outer surface having a three-dimensional curvature,
a plurality of first recessed microelectrodes embedded in the proximal outer surface so that the first recessed microelectrodes have a first microelectrode curvature that generally conforms to the two-dimensional curvature of the proximal outer surface of the substrate body,
a plurality of second recessed microelectrodes embedded in the distal outer surface so that the second recessed microelectrodes have a second microelectrode curvature that generally conforms to the three-dimensional curvature of the distal outer surface of the substrate body,
a plurality of microelectrode lead wires, each of the microelectrode lead wires corresponding to one of the plurality of first recessed microelectrodes or the plurality of second recessed microelectrodes, and
at least first and second isolated through holes in the solid construction of the substrate body, at least one of the plurality of microelectrode lead wires extending from the respective first or second recessed microelectrode through the first isolated through hole to a proximal end of the substrate body, and at least one other of the plurality of microelectrode lead wires extending from its respective first or second recessed microelectrode through the second isolated through hole to the proximal end of the substrate body.
2. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of first recessed microelectrodes has an outer surface flush with the proximal outer surface of the substrate body.
3. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of second recessed microelectrodes has an outer surface flush with the distal outer surface of the substrate body.
4. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of first recessed microelectrodes has an outer surface flush with the proximal outer surface of the substrate body, and at least one of the plurality of second recessed microelectrodes has an outer surface flush with the distal outer surface of the substrate body.
5. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of first recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.05 mm 2 to about 0.5 mm 2 .
6. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of second recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.05 mm 2 to about 0.5 mm 2 .
7. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of first recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.05 mm 2 to about 0.5 mm 2 , and each of the plurality of second recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.05 mm 2 to about 0.5 mm 2 .
8. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the first recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.015 mm 2 .
9. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the second recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.015 mm 2 .
10. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein each of the first recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.015 mm 2 , and each of the second recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.015 mm 2 .
11. A catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter body having proximal and distal ends and at least one lumen therethrough;
a tip assembly at the distal end of the catheter body, the tip assembly comprising:
a substrate body having proximal and distal portions and a solid and unitary construction, the proximal portion of the substrate body comprising a proximal outer surface having a two-dimensional curvature, and the distal portion of the substrate body comprising a distal outer surface having a three-dimensional curvature,
two to ten first recessed microelectrodes embedded in the proximal outer surface so that the first recessed microelectrodes have a first microelectrode curvature that generally conforms to the two-dimensional curvature of the proximal outer surface of the substrate body, each of the first recessed microelectrodes having a surface area of about 0.05 mm 2 to about 0.5 mm 2 ,
two to ten second recessed microelectrodes embedded in the distal outer surface so that the second recessed microelectrodes have a second microelectrode curvature that generally conforms to the three-dimensional curvature of the distal outer surface of the substrate body, each of the second recessed microelectrodes having a surface area of about 0.05 mm 2 to about 0.5 mm 2 ,
a plurality of microelectrode lead wires, each of the microelectrode lead wires corresponding to one of the first or second recessed microelectrodes, and
at least first and second isolated through holes in the solid construction of the substrate body, at least one of the plurality of microelectrode lead wires extending from the respective first or second recessed microelectrode through the first isolated through hole to the proximal end of the substrate body, and at least one other of the plurality of microelectrode lead wires extending from its respective first or second recessed microelectrode through the second isolated through hole to the proximal end of the substrate body.
12. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein each of the first recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.015 mm 2 .
13. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein each of the second recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.015 mm 2 .
14. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein each of the first recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.015 mm 2 , and each of the second recessed microelectrodes has a surface area of about 0.015 mm 2 .
15. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein the two to ten first recessed microelectrodes comprises at least eight microelectrodes.
16. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein the two to ten second recessed microelectrodes comprises at least eight microelectrodes.
17. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein the two to ten first recessed microelectrodes comprises at least eight microelectrodes, and the two to ten second recessed microelectrodes comprises at least eight microelectrodes.
18. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein the two to ten first recessed microelectrodes comprises at least three microelectrodes.
19. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein the two to ten second recessed microelectrodes comprises at least three microelectrodes.
20. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein the two to ten first recessed microelectrodes comprises at least six microelectrodes, and the two to ten second recessed microelectrodes comprises at least three microelectrodes.