Enhanced thin film deposition
Methods of producing metal-containing thin films with low impurity contents on a substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are provided. The methods preferably comprise contacting a substrate with alternating and sequential pulses of a metal source chemical, a second source chemical and a deposition enhancing agent. The deposition enhancing agent is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrogen, hydrogen plasma, hydrogen radicals, silanes, germanium compounds, nitrogen compounds, and boron compounds. In some embodiments, the deposition-enhancing agent reacts with halide contaminants in the growing thin film, improving film properties.
1. A process for forming an electrode structure comprising:
depositing a dielectric layer on a substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD); and
subsequently depositing a carbon-containing metal film on the substrate by ALD to form a structure comprising the carbon-containing metal film over the dielectric layer,
wherein the dielectric layer has a dielectric constant greater than 5, and
wherein the carbon-containing metal film is deposited by a plurality of ALD cycles comprising contacting the substrate with alternating and sequential pulses of a first reactant that comprises a metal of the carbon-containing metal film and a second reactant comprising aluminum, indium or gallium and carbon.
2. The process of claim 1 , additionally comprising depositing a conductive material over the carbon-containing metal thin film.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the conductive material comprises metal or poly-Si.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the conductive material is deposited by ALD.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the structure is part of an electrode or gate structure.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the deposition of the carbon-containing metal film is selective.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first reactant comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Ti and Nb.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first reactant comprises at least one halide ligand.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the first reactant is selected from the group consisting of TiCl 4 and NbCl 5 .
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second reactant comprises at least one organic ligand.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the second reactant comprises trimethylaluminum (TMA) or triethylaluminum (TEA).
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the plurality of deposition cycles comprises:
contacting the substrate in a reaction space with a Ti or Nb halide;
removing excess Ti or Nb halide from the reaction space;
contacting the substrate in the reaction space with an organometallic or metalorganic Al, Ga or In compound; and
removing excess organometallic or metalorganic Al, Ga or In compound from the reaction space.
13. The process of claim 1 , additionally comprising annealing the carbon-containing metal film after deposition.
14. The process of claim 1 , additionally comprising patterning the electrode structure.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of ALD cycles additionally comprises contacting the substrate with a third reactant comprising a silane or borane.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the third reactant comprises disilane.
17. The process of claim 15 , wherein at least one of the plurality of ALD cycles additionally comprises contacting the substrate with a third reactant comprising triethylboron (TEB).
18. The process of claim 15 , wherein the third reactant is not provided in each of the plurality of deposition cycles.
19. The process of claim 15 , wherein the first reactant comprises Ti, the second reactant comprises TMA or TEA and the third reactant comprises a silane.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the first reactant is TiCl 4 , the second reactant is TEA and the third reactant is a silane.