Ionic polymer compositions
The present disclosure pertains to ionic polymer compositions, including semi- and fully interpenetrating polymer networks, methods of making such ionic polymer compositions, articles made from such ionic polymer compositions, and methods of making such articles and packaging for such articles.
1. A water-swellable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) or semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) comprising (a) a hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer and (b) a crosslinked ionic polymer having a thickness within the IPN or semi-IPN and comprises sulfonic-acid-derivatized groups and underivatized carboxylic acid groups, wherein the sulfonic-acid-derivatized groups are present at a surface of the crosslinked ionic polymer and extend from the surface into a bulk of the crosslinked ionic polymer by a distance of at least 400 microns and up to the thickness of the crosslinked ionic polymer,
wherein (i) the IPN or semi-IPN comprises a gradient in a concentration of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups in which the concentration of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups within the ionic polymer decreases with increasing distance from the surface, (ii) the IPN or semi-IPN comprises from 15% to 40% (w/w) of the crosslinked ionic polymer, and (iii) upon exposure to water, the IPN or semi-IPN absorbs water to form a water-swollen IPN or semi-IPN having a lubricious surface.
2. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the sulfonic-acid-derivatized carboxylic acid groups to the underivatized carboxylic acid groups varies by at least +/−50% between two points in the implant.
3. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer is a polyurethane.
4. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 1 , wherein the sulfonic-acid-derivatized groups are amino-sulfonic-acid-derivatized groups.
5. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 4 , wherein amino-sulfonic-acid-derivatized groups are formed by reacting the carboxylic acid groups with an amino sulfonic acid compound of the formula (H 2 N) x R(SO 3 H) y or a salt thereof, where R is an organic moiety, x is a positive integer, and y is a positive integer.
6. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 5 , wherein R is a hydrocarbon moiety.
7. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 6 , wherein the hydrocarbon moiety is an alkane moiety, an alkene moiety, an alkyne moiety, an aromatic moiety, or a hydrocarbon moiety having a combination of two or more of alkane, alkene, alkyne, and aromatic substituents.
8. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 7 , wherein the hydrocarbon moiety is a C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbon moiety.
9. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 8 , wherein the amino sulfonic acid is taurine or a derivative thereof.
10. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 1 , having a tensile modulus of 24.6±0.5 MPa to 48.1±2.8 MPa.
11. The water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 1 , having a compressive modulus of 50.4±10.6 MPa to 111.1±11.5 MPa.
12. An orthopedic implant comprising the water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 1 , wherein the implant is configured to repair or replace cartilage in a joint in the body.
13. The orthopedic implant of claim 12 , wherein the joint in the body is a knee joint, a condyle, a patella, a tibial plateau, an ankle joint, an elbow joint, a shoulder joint, a finger joint, a thumb joint, a glenoid, a hip joint, an intervertebral disc, an intervertebral facet joint, a labrum, a meniscus, a metacarpal joint, a metatarsal joint, a toe joint, a temporomandibular joint, a wrist joint, or a portion thereof.
14. A packaged article comprising the water-swellable IPN or semi-IPN of claim 1 and a divalent-cation-containing solution contained within a sterile package.