Building, transmitting, and receiving frame structures in power line communications
Methods for building, transmitting, and receiving frame structures in power line communications (PLC) are described. Various techniques described herein provide a preamble design using one or more symbols. One or more preamble symbols may be interspersed within a header portion of a PLC frame to facilitate estimation of a frame boundary and/or sampling frequency offset, for example, in the presence of impulsive noise.
1. A power line communication (PLC) modem comprising:
an AC interface; and
a PLC engine configured to:
identify a first PLC symbol and a second PLC symbol within a PLC preamble,
insert an instance of the first PLC symbol within a PLC header portion of a first PLC frame,
insert an instance of the second PLC symbol within the PLC header portion of the first PLC frame,
transmit the first PLC frame via the AC interface,
receive a second PLC frame,
locate a position of a PLC preamble symbol within a header portion of the second PLC frame, and
estimate a sampling frequency offset based on the located position of the PLC preamble symbol.
2. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the PLC engine is configured to insert the instance of the first PLC symbol at a predetermined location within the PLC header portion of the first PLC frame.
3. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the PLC engine is configured to insert a second instance of the first PLC symbol within the PLC header portion of the first PLC frame.
4. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the PLC engine is configured to estimate a start of the second PLC frame based on the located position of the PLC preamble symbol.
5. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the second PLC symbol is an inverted version of the first PLC symbol.
6. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the first and second PLC symbols each comprises a same number of samples.
7. The PLC modem of claim 6 , wherein the number of samples is 256.
8. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the first PLC frame comprises an OFDM symbol.
9. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the PLC preamble comprises N instances of the first PLC symbol and M instances of the second PLC symbol, wherein N is an integer and M is an integer different from N.
10. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the AC interface is coupled to an electrical wire, and wherein the PLC engine is configured to transmit the first PLC frame over the electrical wire via the AC interface.
11. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the modem is configured to transmit the first PLC frame to a control center via a network.
12. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the PLC modem is part of a smart grid device.
13. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the PLC modem is part of an appliance.
14. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the PLC modem is part of a street lighting device.
15. The PLC modem of claim 1 , wherein the AC interface comprises a first line driver coupled to a first transformer.
16. The PLC modem of claim 15 , wherein the first line driver is coupled to the first transformer via a switch.
17. The PLC modem of claim 15 , further comprising first, second, and third terminals, and a switch coupled between the first transformer and the first, second, and third terminals.
18. The PLC modem of claim 15 , wherein the AC interface comprises a second line driver coupled to a second transformer.