Integrated dilution refrigerators
A distributed refrigeration system is provided. The distributed refrigeration system comprises a pre-cooling system configured to be thermally coupled to two or more cryogenic devices and to provide a first cooling stage to the two or more cryogenic devices. The two or more cryogenic devices may be two or more of a dilution refrigerator, a low-temperature microscopy system, a 3 He refrigeration system, and/or a superconducting CMOS system.
1. A distributed refrigeration system comprising a pre-cooling system configured to be thermally coupled to two or more cryogenic devices and to provide a first cooling stage to the two or more cryogenic devices, wherein:
the distributed refrigeration system is configured to be integrated into one or more server racks,
the pre-cooling system is integrated into a first server rack, and
the two or more cryogenic devices are integrated into second server racks different than the first server rack.
2. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1 , further comprising the two or more cryogenic devices thermally coupled to the pre-cooling system.
3. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1 , wherein the two or more cryogenic devices comprise at least one dilution refrigerator.
4. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1 , wherein the two or more cryogenic devices comprise two or more of a dilution refrigerator, a low-temperature microscopy system, a 3 He refrigeration system, and/or a superconducting CMOS system.
5. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1 , wherein the first cooling stage has a temperature at or below 5 K.
6. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 5 , wherein the pre-cooling system comprises a cryocooling system.
7. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 6 , wherein the cryocooling system comprises a pulse tube.
8. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 6 , wherein the cryocooling system comprises a Brayton cryocooler.
9. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 6 , wherein the cryocooling system comprises a helium liquefier system.
10. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 5 , wherein the two or more cryogenic devices comprises a dilution refrigerator having a second cooling stage configured to reach a temperature at or below 1 K.
11. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 10 , wherein the second cooling stage is configured to reach a temperature at or below 100 mK.
12. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1 , wherein:
the two or more cryogenic devices comprise a dilution refrigerator.
13. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1 , further comprising thermal coupling components configured to transfer heat from the two or more cryogenic devices to the pre-cooling system.
14. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 13 , wherein the thermal coupling components comprise one or more fill lines.
15. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 13 , wherein the thermal coupling components comprise one or more heat pipes.
16. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 15 , wherein the one or more heat pipes comprise one or more pulsed heat pipes.
17. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 13 , wherein the thermal coupling components comprise a superfluid loop.
18. The distributed refrigeration system of claim 13 , wherein the thermal coupling components comprise one or more vacuum insulated pipes.