Surface treatment of a sulfide glass solid electrolyte layer
Chemically treating ionically conductive sulfide glass solid electrolyte separators or separator layers can improve performance. In particular, treatment involving chemically etching a surface or surface region of the sulfide glass separator to blunt, lessen or remove edge defects or surface flaws, and/or to enhance surface smoothness is cost effective, reliable and well suited for high production environments compared to physical methods of removing scratches or smoothing surfaces, such as mechanical grinding and polishing.
1. A method for treating a surface of an ion conductive sulfide glass solid electrolyte, the method comprising exposing a surface or surface region of the sulfide glass solid electrolyte to an etching media, wherein water is the etching media active etching species.
2. A method for treating a surface of an ion conductive sulfide glass solid electrolyte, the method comprising exposing a surface or surface region of the sulfide glass solid electrolyte to an etching media, wherein the etching media is a liquid etching solution comprising water and a carrier solvent that is inert in direct contact with the sulfide glass, wherein the inert carrier solvent is acetonitrile or a glyme.
3. A method for treating a surface of an ion conductive sulfide glass solid electrolyte, the method comprising exposing a surface or surface region of the sulfide glass solid electrolyte to an etching media, wherein the etching media is a liquid etching solution comprising water and a carrier solvent that is inert in direct contact with the sulfide glass, and wherein the concentration of water in the etching solution is between 0.01 to 2 Molar.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the concentration of water in the etching solution is between 0.01 to 0.1 Molar.
5. A method for treating a sulfide glass solid electrolyte, the method comprising contacting the sulfide glass solid electrolyte with an etching solution comprising an organic carbonic acid that serves as an active etchant in the etching solution;
wherein the etching solution comprises a carrier solvent that is an aprotic solvent inert in direct contact with the sulfide glass.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein organic carbonic acid is selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, and malonic acid.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the carrier solvent is selected from the group consisting of glymes and organic carbonates.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein the organic carbonic acid is a solid at standard temperature and pressure and soluble in the carrier solvent.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the solid organic carbonic acid is oxalic acid or malonic acid.
10. The method of claim 5 wherein the concentration of the organic carbonic acid in the etching solution is between 0.1 to 2 Molar.
11. The method of claim 5 wherein the concentration of the organic carbonic acid in the etching solution is between 0.1 to 0.01 Molar.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein
i) the lithium ion conducting sulfide glass solid electrolyte has first and second major opposing and substantially parallel surfaces and peripheral edge surfaces, and at least one of said surfaces includes a defect that degrades the mechanical strength of the sulfide glass solid electrolyte; and
ii) the mechanical strengthen of the sulfide glass solid electrolyte is increased by contacting the defect with an etching solution.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the etching solution comprises water as an active etchant and further comprises a carrier solvent that is inert in direct contact with the sulfide glass sheet.
14. A method for treating a sulfide glass solid electrolyte, the method comprising:
i) providing a lithium ion conducting sulfide glass solid electrolyte having a first and second surface region;
ii) providing an etching media, the etching media comprising water as an active etchant and a carrier solvent that is inert in direct contact with the sulfide glass electrolyte;
iii) providing an etching mask having first and second opposing surfaces;
iii) positioning the etching mask to cover the first surface region of the sulfide glass solid electrolyte, wherein the mask first surface adjacently opposes the sulfide glass solid electrolyte first surface region;
iv) exposing the sulfide glass solid electrolyte to the etching media;
wherein the etching media directly contacts the mask second surface; and
further wherein the mask prevents contact between the first surface region and the etching media.