Acoustic pipeline condition assessment at resolution down to pipe stick
Methods, systems, and computer-readable storage media for providing high-resolution assessment of the condition of pipes of a fluid distribution down to the individual pipe stick. An acoustic sensor is placed in acoustical communication with a pipe at one end of a target segment. An acoustical wave is generated in the pipe at a first out-of-bracket excitation location while signal data is recorded from the acoustic sensor. Timing information regarding the arrival at the acoustic sensor of reflections of the acoustic wave from pipe joints in the target segment is extracted from the recorded signal data, and a time delay between reflections from consecutive pipe joints is computed. An acoustic propagation velocity in a pipe stick between the consecutive pipe joints is then computed based on the time delay and a length of the pipe stick. A condition of the pipe stick is determined based on the computed acoustic propagation velocity.
1. A method comprising steps of:
placing at least one acoustic sensor at one end of a target segment of a pipe, the target segment of pipe comprising a plurality of consecutive pipe sticks connected by pipe joints, the at least one acoustic sensor in acoustical communication with the pipe;
generating an acoustical wave in the pipe using an excitation source at a first out-of-bracket excitation location while recording signal data at the at least one acoustic sensor, the signal data representing an arrival at the acoustic sensor of the acoustical wave and a plurality of reflections of the acoustical wave from the pipe joints within the target segment of the pipe;
extracting timing information regarding the arrival of each of the plurality of reflections of the acoustical wave from the pipe joints at the at least one acoustic sensor from the recorded signal data;
computing a time delay between a first two reflections of the acoustical wave from consecutive pipe joints utilizing the timing information;
computing an acoustic propagation velocity in the pipe stick between the consecutive pipe joints based on the time delay between the first two reflections of the acoustical wave and a length of the pipe stick; and
determining a condition of the pipe stick based on the computed acoustic propagation velocity.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein extracting the timing information regarding the arrival of the reflections at the at least one acoustic sensor from the recorded signal data utilizes pulse reflectometry.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
computing a second time delay between a second two reflections of the acoustical wave from a second set of consecutive pipe joints utilizing the timing information;
computing an acoustic propagation velocity in a second pipe stick bracketed by the second set of consecutive pipe joints based on the second time delay between the second two reflections of the acoustical wave and a length of the second pipe stick; and
determining a condition of the second pipe stick based on the computed acoustic propagation velocity.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising steps of:
placing the at least one acoustic sensor at an opposite end of the target segment of a pipe;
generating an acoustical wave in the pipe at a second out-of-bracket location at the opposite end of the target segment while recording signal data at the at least one acoustic sensor; and
combining the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the second out-of-bracket location with the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the first out-of-bracket location before extracting the timing information from the combined signal data.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein combining the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the second out-of-bracket location with the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the first out-of-bracket location comprises:
time reversing the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the second out-of-bracket location;
shifting the time-reversed signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the second out-of-bracket location to align it with the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the first out-of-bracket location; and
adding the time-reversed and shifted signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the second out-of-bracket location to the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the first out-of-bracket location.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein combining the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the second out-of-bracket location with the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the first out-of-bracket location comprises computing the convolution of the two signals represented in the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the first out-of-bracket location and the signal data recorded during the generation of the acoustical wave at the second out-of-bracket location.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein extracting the timing information comprises:
identifying a periodic pattern in the signal data of a representative frequency based on a length of the pipe stick; and
recording times between local maxima in the signal data based on the periodic pattern.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein identifying the periodic pattern comprises applying a pass-band filter to the signal data configured around the representative frequency.
9. A water distribution system comprising:
a pipe comprising a plurality of pipe sticks connected by pipe joints;
a first acoustic sensor and a second acoustic sensor in acoustical communication with the pipe and configured to sense acoustical waves propagating through the pipe and produce signal data representing the sensed acoustical waves and reflections from the pipe joints, the first and second acoustic sensors bracketing a target pipe segment; and
an acoustic analysis module executing on a pipe assessment system communicatively coupled to the first and second acoustic sensors, the acoustic analysis module configured to:
record signal data from the first and second acoustic sensors during generation of an acoustical wave in the pipe at a first out-of-bracket excitation location, combine the signal data recorded from the first and second acoustic sensors to produce a first acoustic profile of the target pipe segment;
extract timing information regarding the arrival of the reflections from pipe joints within the target pipe segment at the first acoustic sensor from the first acoustic profile;
compute a time delay between reflections from consecutive pipe joints utilizing the timing information;
compute an acoustic propagation velocity in a first of the plurality of pipe sticks between the consecutive pipe joints based on the time delay and a length of the pipe sticks; and
determine a condition of the first of the plurality of pipe sticks based on the computed acoustic propagation velocity.
10. The water distribution system of claim 9 , wherein combining the signal data from the first and second acoustic sensors to produce the acoustic profile comprises:
normalizing the two signals represented by the signal data recorded from the first and second acoustic sensors respectively;
aligning the two normalized signals based on a propagation delay between the first and second acoustic sensors computed from the signal data; and
subtracting the aligned normalized signal represented by the signal data recorded from the acoustic sensor farthest from the first out-of-bracket excitation location from the aligned and normalized signal represented by the signal data recorded from the acoustic sensor nearest to the first out-of-bracket excitation location.
11. The water distribution system of claim 9 , wherein the acoustic analysis module is further configured, prior to extracting the timing information, to:
compute the auto-correlation function for the combined signal data;
compute an envelope for the auto-correlation function; and
apply a de-trending filter to the envelope to produce the first acoustic profile.
12. The water distribution system of claim 9 , wherein the acoustic analysis module is further configured to:
record signal data from the first and second acoustic sensors during generation of an acoustical wave in the pipe at a second out-of-bracket excitation location at an opposite end of the target pipe segment from the first out-of-bracket location;
combine the signal data recorded from the first and second acoustic sensors during generation of the acoustical wave in the pipe at the second out-of-bracket excitation location to produce a second acoustic profile; and
combining the second acoustic profile with the first acoustic profile before extracting the timing information from the combined acoustic profiles.
13. The water distribution system of claim 12 , wherein combining the first acoustic profile and the second acoustic profile comprises:
time reversing the second acoustic profile:
shifting the time-reversed second acoustic profile to align it with the first acoustic profile; and
adding the time-reversed and shifted second acoustic profile to the first acoustic profile.
14. The water distribution system of claim 12 , wherein combining the first acoustic profile and the second acoustic profile comprises computing the convolution of the first acoustic profile and the second acoustic profile.
15. The water distribution system of claim 9 , wherein extracting the timing information comprises:
identifying a periodic pattern in the first acoustic profile of a representative frequency based on a length of the pipe sticks; and
recording times between local maxima in the first acoustic profile based on the periodic pattern.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a pipe assessment system, cause the processor to:
record signal data from at least one acoustic sensor during generation of an acoustical wave in a pipe of a fluid distribution system at a first out-of-bracket excitation location, the at least one acoustic sensor in acoustical communication with the pipe at one end of a target pipe segment, the signal data representing an arrival of the acoustical wave and reflections from pipe joints within the target segment of the pipe at the acoustic sensor;
extract a first acoustic profile for the target segment from the signal data recorded from the at least one acoustic sensor during generation of the acoustical wave in the pipe at the first out-of-bracket excitation location;
record signal data from the at least one acoustic sensor during generation of an acoustical wave in the pipe at a second out-of-bracket excitation location at an opposite end of the target segment of the pipe, the at least one acoustic sensor placed at the other end of the target segment;
extract a second acoustic profile for the target segment from the signal data recorded from the at least one acoustic sensor during generation of the acoustical wave in the pipe at the second out-of-bracket excitation location;
combined the first acoustic profile and the second acoustic profile;
extract timing information regarding the arrival of the reflections from the pipe joints at the at least one acoustic sensor from the combined acoustic profiles;
compute a time delay between reflections from consecutive pipe joints utilizing the timing information;
compute an acoustic propagation velocity in a pipe stick between the consecutive pipe joints based on the time delay and a length of the pipe stick; and
determine a condition of the pipe stick based on the computed acoustic propagation velocity.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein extracting the timing information regarding the arrival of the reflections at the at least one acoustic sensor from the combined acoustic profiles utilizes pulse reflectometry.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16 , containing further processor-executable instructions that cause the processor to:
compute a second time delay between reflections from a second set of consecutive pipe joints utilizing the timing information;
compute an acoustic propagation velocity in a second pipe stick bracketed by the second set of consecutive pipe joints based on the second time delay and a length of the second pipe stick; and
determine a condition of the second pipe stick based on the computed acoustic propagation velocity.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein combining the first acoustic profile and the second acoustic profile comprises:
time reversing the second acoustic profile;
shifting the time-reversed second acoustic profile to align it with the first acoustic profile; and
adding the time-reversed and shifted second acoustic profile to the first acoustic profile.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein combining the first acoustic profile and the second acoustic profile comprises computing the convolution of the first acoustic profile and the second acoustic profile.