Electro-optic transducer with integrated optical delay line
Devices and/or methods provided herein relate to providing conversion of photons between an optical domain and a microwave domain. An electronic structure can comprise a resonator assembly comprising a microwave resonator and an optical resonator, an optical pump waveguide that transmits an optical pump input to the resonator assembly, and an optical signal waveguide, separate from the optical pump waveguide, that transmits an optical signal relative to the resonator assembly. The electronic structure further can comprise a microwave signal waveguide that transmits a microwave signal relative to the resonator assembly. The optical pump waveguide can comprise a delay portion that delays receipt of the optical pump input to the resonator assembly through the optical pump waveguide to a time after reduction of a majority of decoherence of the resonator assembly caused by scattering of a portion of the optical pump input, which portion does not enter the optical pump waveguide.
1. An electronic structure comprising:
a resonator assembly comprising a microwave resonator and an optical resonator;
an optical pump waveguide that propagates an optical pump input to the resonator assembly, wherein the optical pump waveguide comprises a delay portion that delays receipt of the optical pump input to the resonator assembly through the optical pump waveguide to a time after reduction of a majority of decoherence of the resonator assembly caused by a scattering of a portion of the optical pump input, wherein the portion does not enter the optical pump waveguide; and
an optical signal waveguide, separate from the optical pump waveguide, that propagates an optical signal at least one of to or from the resonator assembly.
2. The electronic structure of claim 1 , further comprising:
a microwave signal waveguide that propagates a microwave signal at least one of to or from the resonator assembly.
3. The electronic structure of claim 2 , wherein the microwave resonator, the optical resonator, the optical pump waveguide, the optical signal waveguide, and the microwave signal waveguide are aligned adjacent to one another and are non-contiguous with one another.
4. The electronic structure of claim 2 , wherein the electronic structure is comprised by a transducer that at least one of upconverts the microwave signal to an optical domain, or downconverts the optical signal to a microwave domain.
5. The electronic structure of claim 1 , wherein the delay portion comprises a serpentine portion coupling together an input portion of the optical pump waveguide and an output portion of the optical pump waveguide.
6. The electronic structure of claim 1 , wherein the delay portion is configured to delay the receipt of the optical pump input to the resonator assembly by at least 5 nanoseconds.
7. The electronic structure of claim 1 , wherein the optical pump waveguide is disposed at a surface of a sapphire wafer, and wherein the optical pump waveguide comprises LiNbO 3 .
8. The electronic structure of claim 1 , wherein the optical pump waveguide is embedded within a silicon wafer, wherein the optical pump waveguide comprises Si 1-x Ge x , and wherein x is a percentage of Ge of the Si 1-x Ge x .
9. A method for transmissively coupling a pair of devices, the method comprising:
inputting an optical pump input through an optical pump waveguide to a resonator assembly, wherein the resonator assembly comprises a microwave resonator and an optical resonator, and wherein the optical pump waveguide comprises a delay portion that delays receipt of the optical pump input to the resonator assembly through the optical pump waveguide to a time after reduction of a majority of decoherence of the resonator assembly caused by a scattering of a portion of the optical pump input, wherein the portion does not enter the optical pump waveguide; and
transmitting through an optical signal waveguide, separate from the optical pump waveguide, an optical signal at least one of to or from the resonator assembly.
10. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:
receiving at the resonator assembly the optical pump input through the optical pump waveguide at the time.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the delay portion delays the receipt of the optical pump input to the resonator assembly by at least 5 nanoseconds.
12. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:
in response to transmission of the optical pump input through the optical pump waveguide to the resonator assembly, at least one of upconverting a microwave signal to an optical domain or downconverting the optical signal to a microwave domain.
13. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:
transmitting through a microwave signal waveguide a microwave signal at least one of to or from the resonator assembly.
14. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:
coupling an input end of the optical pump waveguide to an optical pump; and
receiving at the input end of the optical pump waveguide the optical pump input from the optical pump.
15. An electronic system, comprising:
a first transducer comprising:
a first resonator assembly comprising a first microwave resonator and a first optical resonator, and
a first optical pump waveguide configured to transmit only first optical pump inputs to the first resonator assembly, wherein the first optical pump waveguide comprises a first delay portion that delays receipt of a first optical pump input of the first optical pump inputs to the first resonator assembly through the first optical pump waveguide to a first time after reduction of a majority of decoherence of the first resonator assembly caused by a scattering of a portion of the first optical pump input, wherein the portion of the first optical pump input does not enter the first optical pump waveguide.
16. The electronic system of claim 15 , wherein the first delay portion comprises a serpentine delay portion that is configured to delay the receipt of the first optical pump input to the first resonator assembly by at least 5 nanoseconds.
17. The electronic system of claim 15 , further comprising:
a second transducer comprising:
a second resonator assembly comprising a second microwave resonator and a second optical resonator, and
a second optical pump waveguide configured to transmit only second optical pump inputs to the second resonator assembly; and
a coupling line coupling together the first resonator assembly and the second resonator assembly.
18. The electronic system of claim 17 , wherein the second optical pump waveguide comprises a second delay portion that delays receipt of a second optical pump input of the second optical pump inputs to the second resonator assembly through the second optical pump waveguide, to a second time after reduction of a majority of decoherence of the second resonator assembly caused by a scattering of a portion of the second optical pump input, wherein the portion of the second optical pump input does not enter the second optical pump waveguide.
19. The electronic system of claim 17 , wherein the first transducer is coupled to a first quantum computer, and wherein the second transducer is coupled to a second quantum computer.
20. The electronic system of claim 15 , wherein the first transducer at least one of upconverts a microwave signal to an optical domain, or downconverts an optical signal to a microwave domain.