Metal-loaded catalyst, battery electrode and battery
A metal-supported catalyst, a battery electrode, and a battery, each having both excellent catalytic activity and durability. The metal-supported catalyst includes: a carbon carrier; and catalyst metal particles each containing a noble metal supported on the carbon carrier, wherein a volume of first pores each having a diameter of 0.5 nm or more and 2.0 nm or less per unit weight of the carbon carrier is 0.20 (cm 3 /g-carrier) or more, wherein a volume of second pores each having a diameter of more than 2.0 nm and 4.0 nm or less per unit weight of the carbon carrier is 0.20 (cm 3 /g-carrier) or more, and wherein a ratio of a content (wt %) of the noble metal measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, to a content (wt %) of the noble metal measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, is 0.35 or more and 0.75 or less.
1. A metal-supported catalyst, comprising:
a carbon carrier; and
catalyst metal particles each containing a noble metal supported on the carbon carrier,
wherein a volume of first pores each having a diameter of 0.5 nm or more and 2.0 nm or less per unit weight of the carbon carrier is 0.20 (cm 3 /g-carrier) or more,
wherein a volume of second pores each having a diameter of more than 2.0 nm and 4.0 nm or less per unit weight of the carbon carrier is 0.20 (cm 3 /g-carrier) or more, and
wherein a ratio of a content (wt %) of the noble metal measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to a content (wt %) of the noble metal measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is 0.35 or more and 0.75 or less.
2. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a volume of third pores each having a diameter of more than 4.0 nm and 50.0 nm or less per unit weight of the carbon carrier is 0.25 (cm 3 /g-carrier) or more.
3. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a volume of third pores each having a diameter of more than 4.0 nm and 50.0 nm or less per unit weight of the carbon carrier is 1.00 (cm 3 /g-carrier) or less.
4. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a volume of third pores each having a diameter of more than 4.0 nm and 50.0 nm or less per unit weight of the carbon carrier, to the volume of the second pores each having a diameter of more than 2.0 nm and 4.0 nm or less, is 3.00 or less.
5. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein an average crystallite diameter of the catalyst metal particles calculated by Scherrer equation through use of a diffraction angle and a full width at half maximum of one or more diffraction peaks obtained by separating a diffraction line having a diffraction angle 20 in a vicinity of 40° in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern by a CuKα ray is 7.0 nm or less.
6. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a nitrogen atom concentration to a carbon atom concentration measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 0.010 or more.
7. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a normalized specific surface area calculated by multiplying a BET specific surface area by a ratio of a weight of the metal-supported catalyst to a weight of the carbon carrier is 1,100 (m2/g-carrier) or more.
8. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst metal particles are platinum particles.
9. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 8 ,
wherein an electrochemical surface area (H 2 -ECSA) obtained by dividing a hydrogen adsorption electric quantity measured in cyclic voltammetry using a rotating disc electrode containing the metal-supported catalyst by a theoretical area-equivalent electric quantity of hydrogen adsorption to platinum and a weight of platinum supported on the metal-supported catalyst is 20.0 m 2 /g-platinum or more, and
wherein an electrochemical surface area (CO-ECSA) obtained by dividing a carbon monoxide adsorption electric quantity measured in stripping voltammetry using the rotating disc electrode containing the metal-supported catalyst by a theoretical area-equivalent electric quantity of carbon monoxide adsorption to platinum and the weight of platinum supported on the metal-supported catalyst is 20.0 m 2 /g-platinum or more.
10. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal-supported catalyst has a carbon structure that exhibits a full width at half maximum of a D band of 160 cm−1 or less, the D band having a peak top in a vicinity of 1,360 cm−1 in a Raman spectrum obtained by Raman spectroscopy.
11. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal-supported catalyst has a carbon structure that exhibits a full width at half maximum of a G band of 90 cm-1 or less, the G band having a peak top in a vicinity of 1,600 cm−1 in a Raman spectrum obtained by Raman spectroscopy.
12. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal-supported catalyst has a carbon structure that exhibits a ratio, of a minimum intensity between a G band having a peak top in a vicinity of 1,600 cm−1 and a D band having a peak top in a vicinity of 1,360 cm−1, to an intensity of the G band, in a Raman spectrum obtained by Raman spectroscopy, of 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less.
13. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal-supported catalyst has a carbon structure that exhibits a nitrogen desorption amount of 1.20χ10−5 (mol/g-carrier) or more from 600° C. to 1,000° C. per unit weight of the carbon carrier in a temperature programmed desorption method.
14. The metal-supported catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal-supported catalyst has a carbon structure that exhibits a nitrogen desorption amount of 0.75×10−5 (mol/g-carrier) or more from 800° C. to 1,000° C. per unit weight of the carbon carrier in a temperature programmed desorption method.
15. A battery electrode, comprising the metal-supported catalyst of claim 1 .
16. A battery, comprising the battery electrode of claim 15 .