Gel polymer electrolyte supercapacitor
Gel polymer electrolytes comprising molybdate(VI) salts dispersed in a hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel matrix contains reacted units of an acrylamide (e.g. 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) and optionally an additional monomer. A supercapacitor including the gel polymer electrolyte and electrodes arranged between the electrolyte is also specified. This supercapacitor is evaluated on its specific capacitance, energy density, power density, resistance, as well as cycling stability.
1. A supercapacitor, comprising:
a first electrode and a second electrode; and
a gel polymer electrolyte arranged between the first and the second electrodes;
wherein the first and the second electrodes each comprises:
a metallic current collector; and
a conductive layer comprising a conductive carbon and a polymer binder disposed on the current collector,
wherein the polymer gel electrolyte is in electrical contact with the conductive layers of the first and the second electrodes, and
wherein the gel polymer electrolyte comprises:
a hydrogel matrix comprising water and a copolymer comprising 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 3-sulphopropyl acrylate, 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone; and
a molybdate(VI) salt dispersed in the hydrogel matrix,
wherein the molybdate(VI) salt is present in an amount of from 3.0 wt % to 20.0 wt % relative to a total weight of the hydrogel matrix.
2. The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the molybdate(VI) salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonium orthomolybdate ((NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ), ammonium heptamolybdate ((NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ), and ammonium dimolybdate ((NH 4 ) 2 Mo 2 O 7 ).
3. The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the molybdate(VI) salt is ammonium orthomolybdate.
4. The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the gel polymer electrolyte is substantially amorphous.
5. The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the molybdate(VI) salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonium molybdate(VI), a lithium molybdate(VI), a sodium molybdate(VI), and a potassium molybdate(VI).
6. The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the polymer gel electrolyte comprises 3 wt % to 7 wt % of the molybdate(VI) salt relative to a total weight of the hydrogel matrix.
7. The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises a a conductive organic polymer.
8. The supercapacitor of claim 7 , wherein the conductive layer comprises a conductive carbon which is at least one selected from the group consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
9. The supercapacitor of claim 7 , wherein the conductive carbon is active carbon.
10. The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the metallic current collector comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gold, silver, copper, platinum, nickel, titanium, and iron.
11. The supercapacitor of claim 9 , wherein the metallic current collector is aluminum.
12. The supercapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises at least one polymer binder selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
13. The supercapacitor of claim 6 , which has a specific capacitance (C s ) of 360-550 F/g at a current density in a range of 1-10 A/g.
14. The supercapacitor of claim 6 , which has an energy density in a range of 200-280 W·h/kg.
15. The supercapacitor of claim 6 , which has a power density in a range of 2-20 kW/kg.
16. An electronic device, comprising the supercapacitor of claim 1 .