Dairy product and process
Heat-treated, shelf-stable liquid nutritional compositions comprising whey protein and non-whey protein, and methods of producing and using these compositions. The compositions have a pH of from about 6.0 to about 8.0, a total protein content of at least about 6 g per 100 mL of the composition. The whey protein comprises or is provided by an ingredient that comprises heat-denaturable protein of which at least about 55% is present in a denatured state, and the non-whey protein comprises or consists of casein, or one or more non-dairy proteins, or casein and one or more non-dairy proteins.
1. A heat-treated, shelf-stable liquid nutritional composition having a pH of from 6.6 to about 8.0, the composition comprising
a total protein content of at least about 9 g per 100 mL of the composition, the total protein content comprising
a) whey protein comprising or provided by an ingredient that comprises heat -denaturable protein of which at least about 55% is present in a denatured state, wherein the whey protein in a denatured state comprises microparticles having a volume weighted mean diameter D [4,3] of less than about 7 μm, and
b) non-whey protein comprising or consisting of casein, or one or more non-dairy proteins, or casein and one or more non-dairy proteins,
wherein the whey protein has a degree of hydrolysis of less than about 4%, and the whey protein and the non-whey protein are present in a weight ratio of from about 45:55 to about 80:20; and
wherein the liquid nutritional composition exhibits substantially no gelation or aggregation when subjected to a heat treatment having an F 0 -value of at least 3.
2. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the total protein content of the composition comprises at least about 10 g, or 12 g protein per 100 mL of the composition.
3. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the whey protein is non-hydrolysed.
4. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the whey protein comprises or is provided by an ingredient that comprises heat-denaturable protein of which at least about 65% is present in a denatured state.
5. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-whey protein comprises or consists of casein.
6. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the casein comprises or is provided by an ingredient comprising non-micellar casein, micellar casein or non-micellar and micellar casein.
7. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the casein comprises or is provided by an ingredient comprising milk protein isolate (MPI), milk protein concentrate (MPC), micellar casein isolate (MCI), micellar casein concentrate (MCC), proteins of liquid condensed milk, skim milk, skim milk powder, condensed skim milk, whole milk, whole milk powder, a caseinate, total milk protein (TMP), milk co-precipitates, an MPC or MPI that has been modified to dissociate casein micelles, calcium-chelated casein micelles, a charge-modified casein, a casein ingredient comprising: MPC or MPI, where at least a portion of the calcium or phosphate or both the calcium and phosphate has been replaced with sodium, potassium, zinc, magnesium and like, or a combination of any two or more thereof; a glycosylated casein or a combination of any two or more thereof.
8. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 7 , wherein the caseinate comprises sodium caseinate, calcium caseinate, magnesium caseinate, potassium caseinate or a combination of any two or more thereof.
9. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-dairy protein comprises plant protein or hydrolysed plant protein.
10. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 9 , wherein the plant protein or hydrolysed plant protein comprises canola, rapeseed, pea, chickpea, bean, lupin, lentil, soy, rice, wheat, sorghum, maize, corn, barley, almond, cashew, chia, hemp, linseed protein or flax protein, a hydrolysed form thereof, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
11. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition
a) comprises from about 0.01 to about 10 g non-dairy protein per 100 mL of the composition, or
b) comprises from about 0.01 to about 25 g lipid per 100 mL of the composition, or
c) comprises from about 0.01 to about 45 g carbohydrate per 100 mL of the composition, or
d) has an energy density of from about 50 to about 400 kcal per 100 mL of the composition, or
e) comprises less than about 4 g per 100 mL of the composition of di-, oligo-, and/or poly-saccharides that comprise one glucose unit or no glucose units, or any combination of any two or more of a) to e).
12. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein casein comprises from about 5% to about 65% by weight of the total protein.
13. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition
a) has a viscosity of less than about 500 mPa.s when measured at a temperature of 20° C. and a shear rate of 100 s −1 , or
b) has an average particle size of less than about 7 μm as categorised by the surface weighted average particle size parameter d[3,2] and/or the volume weighted mean diameter D[4,3], or
a combination of a) and b).
14. A method of preparing a heat-treated, shelf-stable liquid nutritional composition, the method comprising
a) providing a liquid composition having a pH of between 6.6 and 8.0, the composition comprising a total protein content of at least about 9 g per 100 ml of the composition,
the total protein content comprising
i) whey protein comprising or provided by an ingredient that comprises heat -denaturable protein of which at least about 55% is present in a denatured state, wherein the whey protein in a denatured state comprises microparticles having a volume weighted mean diameter D[4,3] of less than about 7 pm, and
ii) non-whey protein comprising or consisting of casein, or one or more non-dairy proteins, or casein and one or more non-dairy proteins,
wherein the whey protein has a degree of hydrolysis of less than about 4%, and the whey protein and the non-whey protein are present in a weight ratio of from about 45:55 to about 80:20; and
b) subjecting the liquid composition to a heat treatment having an Fo-value of at least 3 to prepare the heat-treated liquid nutritional composition, wherein the heat -treated liquid nutritional composition exhibits substantially no gelation or aggregation, and
c) optionally drying the heat-treated liquid nutritional composition.
15. A method of claim 14 , wherein the heat-treated liquid nutritional composition
a) has a viscosity of less than about 500 mPa.s when measured at 20° C. and shear rate of 100 s −1 , or
b) has an average particle size of less than about 7 μm as categorised by the surface weighted average particle size parameter d[3,2] and/or the volume weighted mean diameter D[4,3], or
c) exhibits essentially no observable gelation or aggregation, or
d) any combination of any two or more of (a) to (c) above.
16. A method of maintaining or increasing muscle protein synthesis, maintaining or increasing muscle mass, preventing or reducing loss of muscle mass, maintaining or increasing growth, preventing or decreasing muscle catabolismpreventing or treating cachexia, preventing or treating sarcopenia, increasing rate of glycogen resynthesis, modulating blood sugar levels, increasing insulin response to raised blood glucose concentration, reducing satiety, reducing satiation, reducing food intake, reducing calorie intake, improving glucose metabolism, increasing rate of recovery following surgery, increasing prehabilitation efficacy prior to surgery or chemotherapy, increasing rate of recovery following injury, increasing rate of recovery following exercise, increasing sports performance, and/or providing nutrition to a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 .
17. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein
a) the total protein content of the composition comprises at least about 12 g protein per 100 mL of the composition, and
b) the composition has an energy density of at least about 200 kcal per 100 mL of the composition.
18. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 17 , wherein the liquid nutritional composition has a pH of 6.6 to 7.5.
19. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the liquid nutritional composition has a pH of 6.6 to 7.5.
20. A liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises a total amount of monovalent metal ions of at least about 12 mg/g protein, at least about 25 mg/g protein; or at least about 40 mg/g protein.
21. The liquid nutritional composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-whey protein is an animal protein.
22. The liquid nutritional composition of claim 21 , wherein the animal protein is collagen.
23. The method of claim 14 , wherein the non-whey protein is an animal protein.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the animal protein is collagen.