Water impurity measurements with dynamic light scattering
A method for determining a degree of impurity of water comprises performing ( 200 ) of a dynamic light scattering analysis of a multitude of samples of a water to be tested. Each sample of said multitude of samples comprises added single-size polymer beads of a respective size and in a respective known amount. A smallest size of the single-size polymer beads giving rise to a detectable signal, discernible over a background noise level, in a size distribution curve of the dynamic light scattering analysis is determined ( 220 ). A smallest amount of the single-size polymer of the determined smallest size giving rise to a detectable signal is determined ( 230 ). A degree of impurity of the water to be tested is assigned ( 240 ) in dependence of the determined smallest size and the determined smallest amount of the single-size polymer.
1. A method for determining a degree of impurity of water, comprising the steps of:
performing ( 200 ) a dynamic light scattering analysis of a multitude of samples of a water to be tested;
wherein each sample of said multitude of samples comprises added single-size polymer beads of a respective size and in a respective known amount;
determining ( 220 ) a smallest size of said single-size polymer beads giving rise to a detectable signal ( 44 ), discernible over a background noise level ( 42 ), in a size distribution curve ( 40 ) of said dynamic light scattering analysis;
determining ( 230 ) a smallest amount of said single-size polymer of said determined smallest size giving rise to a detectable signal ( 44 ), discernible over said background noise level ( 42 ), in said size distribution curve ( 40 ) of said dynamic light scattering analysis; and
assigning ( 240 ) a degree of impurity of said water to be tested in dependence of said determined smallest size and said determined smallest amount of said single-size polymer.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of performing ( 200 ) a dynamic light scattering analysis of a multitude of samples of a water to be tested comprises:
a) adding ( 202 ) an amount of single-size polymer beads of a first size to a water sample;
b) performing ( 204 ) a dynamic light scattering analysis of said water sample;
c) repeating said steps a) and b) for successively increased amounts ( 212 ) of single-size polymer beads of said first size until a detectable signal ( 44 ), discernible over a background noise level ( 42 ), of said single-size polymer beads is achieved in said size distribution curve ( 40 ) of said dynamic light scattering analysis;
d) adding an amount of single-size polymer beads of a second size to a water sample, where said second size is smaller than said first size;
e) performing said steps a), b), c) for said second size; and
f) repeating steps d) and e) for successively smaller sizes ( 208 ) of said single-size polymer beads until an amount of single-size polymer beads above a predetermined maximum amount does not give rise to any detectable signal ( 44 ), discernible over a background noise level ( 42 ), of said single-size polymer beads in said size distribution curve ( 40 ) of said dynamic light scattering analysis.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said detectable signal ( 44 ) is a signal discernible over a background noise level ( 42 ) at a size (S) corresponding to said added single-size polymer beads.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said sizes of said single-size polymer beads are selected from a predetermined set of sizes.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said single-size polymer beads comprise single-size polymer beads in the size range of 5-400 nm.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said single-size polymer beads are single-sized latex beads.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step of assigning a degree of impurity comprises retrieving said degree of impurity from a database correlating said determined smallest size and said determined smallest amount of said single-size polymer with results of dry water-impurity analyses.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said degree of impurity comprises a typical impurity particle size and a number of impurity particles per volume unit.
9. A method for impurity classifying of water used in a manufacturing process, comprising the steps of:
performing ( 250 ) a determining of a degree of impurity of water according to claim 1 for a calibration water sample having a known degree of impurity corresponding to an impurity limit for said manufacturing process;
defining ( 252 ) a threshold size and a threshold amount of said single-size polymer beads as said determined smallest size and said determined smallest amount of said single-size polymer, respectively, for said calibration water sample;
obtaining ( 260 ) a process water sample from water to be used in said manufacturing process;
adding ( 262 ) said threshold amount of said single-size polymer beads of said threshold size to said process water sample;
performing ( 264 ) a dynamic light scattering analysis of said process water sample with said single-size polymer beads added;
determining ( 266 ) if said added single-size polymer beads give rise to a detectable signal ( 44 ), discernible over a background noise level ( 42 ), in said size distribution curve ( 40 ) of said dynamic light scattering analysis; and
classifying ( 268 ) said process water sample to have an impurity level equal to or lower than said impurity limit if a signal ( 44 ) is detectable, and classifying said process water sample to have an impurity level higher than said impurity limit if a signal ( 44 ) is not detectable.
10. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said detectable signal ( 44 ) is a signal discernible over a background noise level ( 42 ) at a size (S) corresponding to said added single-size polymer beads.
11. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said sizes of said single-size polymer beads are selected from a predetermined set of sizes.
12. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said sizes of said single-size polymer beads are selected from a predetermined set of sizes.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said sizes of said single-size polymer beads are selected from a predetermined set of sizes.
14. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said single-size polymer beads comprise single-size polymer beads in the size range of 5-400 nm.
15. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said single-size polymer beads comprise single-size polymer beads in the size range of 5-400 nm.
16. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said single-size polymer beads comprise single-size polymer beads in the size range of 5-400 nm.
17. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said single-size polymer beads comprise single-size polymer beads in the size range of 5-400 nm.
18. The method according to claim 11 , wherein said single-size polymer beads comprise single-size polymer beads in the size range of 5-400 nm.
19. The method according to claim 12 , wherein said single-size polymer beads comprise single-size polymer beads in the size range of 5-400 nm.
20. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said single-size polymer beads are single-sized latex beads.