Controlling AC power to inductive loads
Techniques are provided for controlling alternating current (AC) power which is supplied to an inductive load by an AC switch. For example, the AC power is controlled by a process which comprises detecting zero-voltage crossings of an AC voltage waveform of the AC power, monitoring a load voltage to detect for a presence of inductive flyback voltage when the AC switch is placed into a turned-off state, and determining a delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state subsequent to a detected zero-voltage crossing of the AC voltage waveform, when inductive flyback voltage is detected in the load voltage, so that the AC switch is placed into the turned-off state at a time which substantially coincides with a zero-current crossing of load current of the inductive load, to thereby suppress the generation of inductive flyback voltage when the AC switch is placed into the turned-off state.
1. A device, comprising:
a power input terminal configured for connection to an alternating current (AC) supply voltage, and a load output terminal configured to connection to an inductive load;
an AC switch connected in an electrical path between the power input terminal and the load output terminal, wherein the AC switch is configured to be placed into one of a turned-on state to couple the AC supply voltage to the inductive load, and a turned-off state to decouple the AC supply voltage from the inductive load; and
a control system configured to (i) generate a switch control signal to place the AC switch into one of the turned-on state and the turned-off state, (ii) detect zero-voltage crossings of the AC supply voltage when connected to the power input terminal, (iii) monitor a load voltage of the inductive load when connected to the load output terminal to detect for a presence of inductive flyback voltage in the load voltage when the AC switch is placed into the turned-off state, and (iv) in response to detecting the presence of inductive flyback voltage in the load voltage, determine a delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state subsequent to a detected zero-voltage crossing of the AC supply voltage, so that the AC switch placed into the turned-off state at a time which substantially coincides with a zero-current crossing of load current of the inductive load, to thereby suppress the generation of inductive flyback voltage when the AC switch is placed into the turned-off state.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the AC switch comprise a bidirectional solid-state switch.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the control system comprises:
a voltage phase detector which is configured to a detect zero-voltage crossings of the AC supply voltage and phase transition directions at the detected zero-voltage crossings of the AC supply voltage and generate phase detection signals which indicate the zero-voltage crossings and the phase transition directions of the AC supply voltage;
an inductive flyback voltage detector which is configured to monitor the load voltage of the inductive load when connected to the load output terminal to detect inductive flyback voltage in the load voltage, and generate a flyback voltage detection signal when the inductive flyback voltage is generated in the load voltage when the AC switch is placed into the turned-off state; and
a hardware controller configured to utilize the flyback voltage detection signal and the phase detection signals to determine the delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state to thereby suppress the generation of inductive flyback voltage when AC switch is placed into the turned-off state.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the inductive flyback voltage detector is configured to compare a magnitude of the inductive flyback voltage to a flyback voltage threshold, and generate the flyback voltage detection signal when the magnitude of the inductive flyback voltage exceeds the flyback voltage threshold.
5. The device of claim 3 , wherein the inductive flyback voltage detector comprises a high pass filter circuit which is configured to filter the load voltage to isolate the inductive flyback voltage from frequency components of the AC supply voltage.
6. The device of claim 3 , wherein the hardware controller is configured to utilize the phase detection signals to determine whether a given flyback detection signal is generated in response to placing the AC switch into the turned-off state at some time after a transition to a positive half-cycle or after a transition to negative half-cycle of the AC supply voltage, and determine an amount to increase or decrease the delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the hardware controller is configured to (i) determine that the delay time for placing the AC switch into the turned-off state is too early when the given flyback voltage detection signal is generated at a time when the AC switch is turned off after a zero-voltage crossing transition from a negative half-cycle to a positive half-cycle of the AC supply voltage, and (ii) increase the delay time for turning off the AC switch so that the turn off time of the AC switch coincides with the time of the zero-current crossing of the load current.
8. The device of claim 6 , wherein the hardware controller is configured to (i) determine that the delay time for placing the AC switch into the turned-off state is too late when the given flyback voltage detection signal is generated at a time when the AC switch is turned off after a zero-voltage crossing transition from a positive half-cycle to a negative half-cycle of the AC supply voltage, and (ii) decrease the delay time for turning off the AC switch so that the turn off time of the AC switch coincides with the time of the zero-current crossing of the load current.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device comprises an intelligent light dimmer switch device.
10. An intelligent light dimmer device, comprising:
a power input terminal configured for connection to an alternating current (AC) supply voltage, and a load output terminal configured to connection to an inductive load comprising a magnetic low-voltage transformer which is configured to drive low voltage lighting;
an AC switch connected in an electrical path between the power input terminal and the load output terminal, wherein the AC switch is configured to be placed into one of a turned-on state to couple the AC supply voltage to the inductive load, and a turned-off state to decouple the AC supply voltage from the inductive load; and
a control system configured to (i) generate a switch modulation control signal to switch the AC switch between the turned-on state and the turned-off state to modulate an amount of AC power that is delivered to the inductive load based on a given dimming power level setting, (ii) detect zero-voltage crossings of the AC supply voltage when connected to the power input terminal, (iii) monitor a load voltage of the inductive load when connected to the load output terminal to detect for a presence of inductive flyback voltage in the load voltage when the AC switch is switched between the turned-on state and the turned-off state for the given dimming power level setting, and (iv) in response to detecting the presence of inductive flyback voltage in the load voltage, determine for the given dimming power level setting, a delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state subsequent to each detected zero-voltage crossing of the AC supply voltage, so that the AC switch placed into the turned-off state at each time that substantially coincides with a zero-current crossing of load current of the inductive load, to thereby suppress the generation of inductive flyback voltage when the AC switch is switched between the turned-on state and the turned-off state for the given dimming power level setting.
11. The intelligent light dimmer device of claim 10 , wherein the AC switch comprise a bidirectional solid-state switch.
12. The intelligent light dimmer device of claim 10 , wherein the control system comprises:
a voltage phase detector which is configured to a detect zero-voltage crossings of the AC supply voltage and phase transition directions at the detected zero-voltage crossings of the AC supply voltage and generate phase detection signals which indicate the zero-voltage crossings vent and the phase transition directions of the AC supply voltage;
an inductive flyback voltage detector which is configured to monitor the load voltage of the inductive load when connected to the load output terminal to detect inductive flyback voltage in the load voltage, and generate a flyback voltage detection signal when the inductive flyback voltage is detected to be generated in the load voltage when the AC switch is switched between the turned-on state and the turned-off state for the given dimming power level setting;
a hardware controller configured to utilize the flyback voltage detection signal and the phase detection signals to determine the delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state to thereby suppress the generation of inductive flyback voltage when the AC switch is switched between the turned-on state and the turned-off state for the given dimming power level setting.
13. The intelligent light dimmer device of claim 12 , wherein the inductive flyback voltage detector is configured to compare a magnitude of the inductive flyback voltage to a flyback voltage threshold, and generate the flyback voltage detection signal when the magnitude of the inductive flyback voltage exceeds the flyback voltage threshold.
14. The intelligent light dimmer device of claim 12 , wherein the inductive flyback voltage detector comprises a high pass filter circuit which is configured to filter the load voltage to isolate the inductive flyback voltage from frequency components of the AC supply voltage.
15. The intelligent light dimmer device of claim 12 , wherein the hardware controller is configured to utilize the phase detection signals to determine whether a given flyback detection signal is generated in response to placing the AC switch into the turned-off state at some time after a transition to a positive half-cycle or after a transition to negative half-cycle of the AC supply voltage, and determine an amount to increase or decrease the delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state.
16. The intelligent light dimmer device of claim 15 , wherein the hardware controller is configured to (i) determine that the delay time for placing the AC switch into the turned-off state is too early when the given flyback voltage detection signal is generated at a time when the AC switch is turned off after a zero-voltage crossing transition from a negative half-cycle to a positive half-cycle of the AC supply voltage, and (ii) increase the delay time for turning off the AC switch so that the turn off time of the AC switch coincides with the time of the zero-current crossing of the load current.
17. The intelligent light dimmer device of claim 15 , wherein the hardware controller is configured to (i) determine that the delay time for placing the AC switch into the turned-off state is too late when the given flyback voltage detection signal is generated at a time when the AC switch is turned off after a zero-voltage crossing transition from a positive half-cycle to a negative half-cycle of the AC supply voltage, and (ii) decrease the delay time for turning off the AC switch so that the turn off time of the AC switch coincides with the time of the zero-current crossing of the load current.
18. The intelligent light dimmer device of claim 12 , wherein the hardware controller is configured to execute a calibration process upon power up of the intelligent light dimmer device to determine a delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state to thereby suppress the generation of inductive flyback voltage when the AC switch is switched between the turned-on state and the turned-off state for each of a plurality of dimming power level settings, and record the determined delay times for each of the dimming power level settings in memory.
19. A method, comprising:
controlling alternating current (AC) power which is supplied to an inductive load by operation of an AC switch;
detecting zero-voltage crossings of an AC voltage waveform of the AC power;
generating a control signal to place a solid-state switch into a turned-off state;
monitoring a load voltage of the inductive load to detect for a presence of inductive flyback voltage in the load voltage when the AC switch is placed into the turned-off state; and
in response to detecting the presence of inductive flyback voltage in the load voltage, determine a delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state subsequent to a detected zero-voltage crossing of the AC voltage waveform, so that the AC switch placed into the turned-off state at a time which substantially coincides with a zero-current crossing of load current of the inductive load, to thereby suppress the generation of inductive flyback voltage when the AC switch is placed into the turned-off state.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein:
detecting zero-voltage crossings of an AC voltage waveform of the AC power further comprises detecting phase transition directions at the detected zero-voltage crossings of the AC voltage waveform; and
the method further comprises:
generating phase detection signals which indicate the zero-voltage crossings and the phase transition directions of the AC voltage waveform;
generating a flyback voltage detection signal when the inductive flyback voltage is detected to be generated in the load voltage when the AC switch is placed into the turned-off state; and
utilizing the flyback voltage detection signal and the phase detection signals to determine the delay time to place the AC switch into the turned-off state to thereby suppress the generation of inductive flyback voltage when AC switch is placed into the turned-off state.