Semiconductor nanocrystal particle and production methods thereof
A semiconductor nanocrystal particle represented by Chemical Formula 1 and having a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than or equal to about 30 nanometers (nm) in the emission wavelength spectrum is provided: A x A′ (3+α−x) D (2+β) E (9+γ) . Chemical Formula 1 In Chemical Formula 1, A is a first metal including Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof, A′ is an organic substance derived from an ammonium salt, an organic material derived from an organic ligand, or an organic material including a combination thereof, D is a second metal including Sb, Bi, or a combination thereof E is Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof, 1<x≤3, −1<α<1, 3+α−x>0, −1<β<1, and −1<γ<1.
1. A semiconductor nanocrystal particle represented by Chemical Formula 1:
A x A′ (3+α−x) D (2+β) E 9+γ) Chemical Formula 1
wherein, in Chemical Formula 1,
A is a first metal comprising Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof,
A′ is an organic material derived from an ammonium salt, an organic material derived from an organic ligand, or an organic material comprising a combination thereof,
D is a second metal comprising Sb, Bi, or a combination thereof
E is Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof,
1<x≤3,
−1<α<1,
3+α−x>0,
−1<β<1, and
−1<γ<1.
2. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , wherein the first metal further comprises Na, K, or a combination thereof.
3. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , wherein the second metal further comprises Cu, Sn, In, Ga, Zn, Ag, Au, Pd, or a combination thereof.
4. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal particle has a maximum emission peak between about 440 nanometers and about 560 nanometers.
5. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , wherein the organic material derived from an ammonium salt comprises
NR 1 4 + , wherein R 1 is independently hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C24 linear or branched alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 arylalkyl group),
[CH(NH 2 ) 2 ] + ,
or a combination thereof.
6. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 5 , wherein the organic material derived from an ammonium salt comprises formamidinium, butylammonium, diisopropylammonium, methylammonium, hydroxylammonium, phenylethylammonium, or a combination thereof.
7. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal particle has a perovskite crystal structure.
8. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal particle has a shape of a nanoplatelet.
9. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , wherein
the semiconductor nanocrystal particle emits green light having a maximum emission peak between about 500 nanometers and about 560 nanometers, and
the green light has a color coordinate Cx value of less than about 0.2 and a Cy value of greater than about 0.6.
10. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , wherein a molar amount of D of Chemical Formula 1, measured by an area of an X-ray photoelectron analysis spectrum on a surface of the semiconductor nanocrystal particle, is greater than a molar amount of each of the A, A′, and E of Chemical Formula 1, measured by the area of the X-ray photoelectron analysis spectrum on the surface of the semiconductor nanocrystal particle.
11. The semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , wherein a mole ratio of A to A′ of Chemical Formula 1, measured by an area ratio of the X-ray photoelectron analysis spectrum on the surface of the semiconductor nanocrystal particle, is about 1:1 to about 4:1.
12. A method of producing a semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 , comprising
providing n antisolvent comprising an organic ligand,
injecting a first metal precursor, a second metal precursor, and an organic material precursor into the antisolvent comprising the organic ligand to form a mixture, and
heating the mixture at a temperature of less than about 70° C. to produce the semiconductor nanocrystal particle.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the organic ligand comprises R 2 COOH, R 2 NH 2 , R 2 2 NH, R 2 3 N, R 2 SH, R 2 3 PO, R 2 3 P, R 2 OH, R 2 COOR 3 , R 2 PO(OH) 2 , R 2 2 POOH, and R 2 COOCOR 3 , wherein, R 2 and R 3 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 to C24 aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C24 aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the organic ligand comprises oleic acid, oleylamine, or a combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the antisolvent comprises a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, a C6 or greater aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic ether, or a combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the first metal precursor comprises a powder of the first metal, an alkylated compound of the first metal, an alkoxide of the first metal, a carboxylate of the first metal, a nitrate of the first metal, a perchlorate of the first metal, a sulfate of the first metal, an acetylacetonate of the first metal, a halide of the first metal, a cyanide of the first metal, a hydroxide of the first metal, an oxide of the first metal, a peroxide of the first metal, or a combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second metal precursor comprises a powder of the second metal, an alkylated compound of the second metal, an alkoxide of the second metal, a carboxylate of the second metal, a nitrate of the second metal, a perchlorate of the second metal, a sulfate of the second metal, an acetylacetonate of the second metal, a halide of the second metal, a cyanide of the second metal, a hydroxide of the second metal, an oxide of the second metal, a peroxide of the second metal, or a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the organic material precursor comprises an ammonium salt.
19. An electronic device, comprising a semiconductor nanocrystal particle of claim 1 .