IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,404,488
Granted Patent B2
US 12,404,488 · App. 17/507,454 · Granted Sep 2, 2025

Use of neuropilin-1 (NRP1) as a cell surface marker for isolating human cardiac ventricular progenitor cells

Inventors: Kenneth R. Chien (Cambridge, MA); Jonathan Clarke (Stockholm, SE); Chuen Yan Leung (Stockholm, SE)
Assignee: Procella Therapeutics AB
C12N5/0605A01K67/0275C07K16/2863C12N5/0657C12N15/00G01N33/5014G01N33/5044A01K2227/105A01K2267/0375A01K2267/0393C12N2500/98C12N2501/415C12N2501/727C12N2506/02C12N2506/45C12N2533/90
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,404,488
App. No.
17/507,454
Granted
Sep 2, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

The present invention provides NRP1 as a cell surface marker for isolating human cardiomyogenic ventricular progenitor cells (HVPs), in particular progenitor cells that preferentially differentiate into cardiac ventricular muscle cells. Additional HVP cell surface markers identified by single cell sequencing are also provided. The invention provides in vitro methods of the separation of NRP1+ ventricular progenitor cells, and the large scale expansion and propagation thereof. Large clonal populations of isolated NRP1+ ventricular progenitor cells are also provided. Methods of in vivo use of NRP1+ ventricular progenitor cells for cardiac repair or to improve cardiac function are also provided. Methods of using the NRP1+ ventricular progenitor cells for cardiac toxicity screening of test compounds are also provided.

Claims (9)

1. A method for generating human ventricular tissue comprising:

subjecting human pluripotent stem cells to Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation on day 0 of culture, followed by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation on day 3 to day 5 of culture to obtain a culture comprising NRP1+ human cardiac ventricular progenitor cells;

transplanting NRP1+ human cardiac ventricular progenitor cells on day 5-8 of culture into an organ of a non-human animal; and

allowing the progenitor cells to grow in vivo such that human ventricular tissue is generated.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-human animal is an immunodeficient mouse.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organ is a kidney or a heart.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells are transplanted at a time when one, two, three, four or five of the following cell marker patterns are present: (i) after peak of cardiac mesoderm formation; (ii) at time of peak Islet-1 expression; (iii) before peak of NKX2.5 expression; (iv) before peak expression of downstream genes MEF-2 and TBX-1; and (v) before expression of differentiated contractile protein genes.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells are transplanted between day 5 and day 7 (inclusive) of in vitro culture of human pluripotent stem cells under conditions to generate human ventricular progenitor cells.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the cells are transplanted on day 6 of in vitro culture of human pluripotent stem cells under conditions to generate human ventricular progenitor cells.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Dec 20, 2021
From: CHIEN, KENNETH R; CLARKE, JONATHAN; LEUNG, CHUEN YAN
To: PROCELLA THERAPEUTICS AB
Reel/Frame 058436/0549 →
Continuity (3)
Division 16109218 · Aug 22, 2018
Provisional Application 62549345 · Aug 23, 2017
Related Publication 20220112458A1 · Apr 14, 2022
References Cited (249)
US 5843780A · Thomson · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5945577A · Stice et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5994619A · Stice et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6200806B1 · Thomson · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6235970B1 · Stice et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 8765117B2 · Chien et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8951798B2 · Palecek et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9453201B2 · Palecek et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9663764B2 · Palecek et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9717762B2 · Wiencierz et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9765299B2 · Palecek et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 10508263B2 · Chien et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10596200B2 · Chien et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10597637B2 · Chien et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10612094B2 · Leung et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11186820B2 · Chien et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11401508B2 · Chien et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11725244B2 · Leung et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20040180043A1 · Sabbah et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050214260A1 · Franco · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060246446A1 · Evans et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20080038229A1 · Minguell et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080182328A1 · Snyder et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090162326A1 · Siemonsmeier et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090162329A1 · Anversa et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100093089A1 · Marban · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100166714A1 · Chien et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100297124A1 · Tosato et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110033430A1 · Chien et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120009158A1 · Chien et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120027807A1 · Chien et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120301445A1 · Blanpain et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130115626A1 · Schmidt et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130189785A1 · Palecek et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130309769A1 · Benvenisty et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140134733A1 · Wu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150152389A1 · Palecek et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150252117A1 · Chinn et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150297794A1 · Yamashita et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160053229A1 · Chien et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160068814A1 · Palecek et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160108363A1 · Chien et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160362661A1 · O'Sullivan et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170002325A1 · Palecek et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170067023A1 · Yamashita et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170153236A1 · Martin et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170239298A1 · Keith et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170240964A1 · Leung et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180148691A1 · Chien et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190062696A1 · Chien et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200140819A1 · Chien et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200268803A1 · Chien et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200270685A1 · Leung et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20230383345A1 · Leung et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
KR 20120124596A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 9717762A1 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009017460A1 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011091944A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011153236A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 201216274A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012074116A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012162740A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012162741A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013056072A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014150602A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014148562A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015058117A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016029122A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016131137A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017172086A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018100433A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
Li et al. “Higher mortality in heterozygous neuropilin-1 mice after cardiac pressure overload.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun. May 30, 2008;370(2):317-21. (Year: 2008). [cited by examiner]
Smits et al. “Human cardiomyocyte progenitor cell transplantation preserves long-term function of the infarcted mouse myocardium.” Cardiovasc Res . Aug. 1, 2009;83(3):527-35. (Year: 2009). [cited by examiner]
Posch et al. “Cardiac alpha-myosin (MYH6) is the predominant sarcomeric disease gene for familial atrial septal defects.” PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28872. (Year: 2011). [cited by examiner]
Andersson, E.R., et al., “Therapeutic modulation of Notch signalling—are we there yet?” Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. vol. 13:357-378 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Ardehali, R. et al., “Prospective isolation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitors that integrate into human fetal heart tissue,” PNAS, vol. 110(9): 3405-3410 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Ardehali, R. et al., “Prospective isolation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitors that integrate into human fetal heart tissue,” Supporting Information, PNAS, 12 pages (2013). [cited by applicant]
Arlas.Romero, L. et al., “Targeting Cdc42 in Cancer,” Expert Opin Thep—Targets, vol. 17(11):1263-1273 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Badcock, G. et al., “The human embryonal carcinoma marker antigen TRA-1-60 is a sialylated keratan sulfate proteoglycan,” Cancer Res., vol. 59:4715-4719 (1999). [cited by applicant]
Barbash, I.M. et al. “Systemic delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to the infarcted myocardium: feasibility, cell migration, and body distribution,” Circulation, vol. 108, pp. 863-868 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Basavarajaiah, S., et al., “Physiological upper limits of left ventricular dimensions in highly trained junior tennis players,” Br. J. Sports Med., vol. 41(11): 784-788. (2007). [cited by applicant]
Bash, J. et al., “Rel/NF-kappaB can trigger the Notch signaling pathway by inducing the expression of Jagged1, a ligand for Notch receptors,” The EMBO Journal, vol. 18(10) pp. 2803-2811 (1999). [cited by applicant]
Bearzi, C. et al., “Human cardiac stem cells,” PNAS, vol. 104 (35):14068-14073 (2007). [cited by applicant]
Bergmann, O., et al., “Dynamics of Cell Generation and Turnover in the Human Heart,” Cell, vol. 161(17):1566-1575 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Bergmann, O., et al., “Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans,” Science, vol. 324(5923), pp. 98-102 (2009). [cited by applicant]
Bhattacharya, et al. “High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry.” J Vis Exp., (91): 52010. (2014). [cited by applicant]
Birket, M. et al., “Expansion and patterning of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells,” Nature Biotechnology, vol. 33(9), pp. 970-979(2015). [cited by applicant]
Bittira, B. et al., “Mobilization and homing of bone marrow stromal cells in myocardial infarction,” Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., vol. 24(3) pp. 393-398 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Blin, G. et al., “A purified population of multipotent cardiovascular progenitors derived from primate pluripotent stem cells engrafts in postmyocardial infarcted nonhuman primates,” The Journal of Clinical Investigatio… [cited by applicant]
Brette, F., et al., “T-tubule function in mammalian cardiac myocytes,” Circulation Research, vol. 92(11) pp. 1182-1192 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Bu, L., et al., “Human ISL1 heart progenitors generate diverse multipotent cardiovascular cell lineages,” Nature, vol. 460, pp. 113-117 (2009). [cited by applicant]
Bui, A.L. et al., “Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure,” Nat. Rev. Cardiol, vol. 8(1) pp. 30-41 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Buikema, J. et al., “Wnt/beta-catenin signaling directs the regional expansion of first and second heart field-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes,” Development, vol. 140, pp. 4165-4176 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Burridge, P. et al., “Chemically defined generation of human cardiomyocytes,”; Nature Methods, vol. 11 (8), pp. 855-860 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Cai, C.L. et al., “Isl1 identifies a cardiac progenitor population that proliferates prior to differentiation and contributes a majority of cells to the heart,” Developmental Cell, vol. 5, pp. 877-889 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Campagnolo, P. et al., “c-Kit+ progenitors generate vascular cells for tissue-engineered grafts through modulation of the Wnt/Klf4 pathway,” Biomaterials, vol. 60, pp. 53-61 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Chen, G. et al., “Chemically defined conditions for human iPSC derivation and culture,” Nature Methods, vol. 8 (5):424-429 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Chong, J. et al., “Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Regenerate Non-Human Primate Hearts,” Nature, vol. 510(7504): 273-277 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Chong, J. et al., “Human embryonic-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerate non-human primate hearts,” Nature, vol. 510, pp. 273-277, (2014). [cited by applicant]
Christoforou, N. et al., “Implantation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells Preserves Function of Infarcted Murine Hearts,” PLOS One, vol. 5(7):e11536, 14 pages (2010). [cited by applicant]
Collesi, C. et al. “Notch1 signaling stimulates proliferation of immature cardiomyocytes,” The Journal of Cell Biology, Sep. 29, 2008, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Conradi, L.,et al. “Immunobiology of fibrin-based engineered heart tissue,” Stem Cells Transl. Med., vol. 4(6), pp. 625-631 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Den Hartogh, S. et al., “A comprehensive gene expression analysis at sequential stages of in vitro cardiac differentiation from isolated MESP1-expressing-mesoderm progenitors,” Scientific Reports, vol. 6 (19386) 16 page… [cited by applicant]
Di Giorgio, F.P. et al., “Human embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons are sensitive to the toxic effect of glial cells carrying an ALS-causing mutation,” Cell Stem Cell, vol. 3, pp. 637-648 (2008). [cited by applicant]
Domian, I.J., et al., “Generation of functional ventricular heart muscle from mouse ventricular progenitor cells,” Science vol. 326(5951), pp. 426-429 (2009). [cited by applicant]
Elliot, D. et al., “NKX2-5eGFP/w hESCs for isolation of human cardiac progenitors and cardiomyocytes,” Nature Methods, vol. 8(12), pp. 1037-1043 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report, European Application No. 18211720.0 , dated Jul. 12, 2019, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report, European Application No. 19210435.4, dated Mar. 6, 2020, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Fernandes, S. et al., “Comparison of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes, Cardiovascular Progenitors, and Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells for Cardiac Repair,” Stem Cell Reports, vol. 5, pp. 753-762 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Fong, C. Y. et al., “Separation of SSEA-4 and TRA-1-60 labelled undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells from a heterogeneous cell population using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence-activated ce… [cited by applicant]
Foo, K. et al., “Human ISL1+ Ventricular Progenitors Self-Assemble into an In Vivo Functional Heart Patch and Preserve Cardiac Function Post Infarction,” Molecular Therapy, vol. 26(7): 1644-1659 (2018). [cited by applicant]
Forbes, S.J. et al., “Preparing the ground for tissue regeneration: from mechanism to therapy,” Nat. Med., vol. 20(8), pp. 857-869 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Funakoshil, S. et al., “Enhanced engraftment, proliferation, and therapeutic potential in heart using optimized human PSC-derived cardiornyocytes,” Scientific Reports, vol. 6:19111, p. 1-14 (2016). [cited by applicant]
Gaetani, R., et al., “Epicardial application of cardiac progenitor cells in a 3D-printed gelatin/hyaluronic acid patch preserves cardiac function after myocardial infarction,” Biomaterials, vol. 61, 339-348. (2015). [cited by applicant]
Gama-Carvalho, M., et al., “Regulation of Cardiac Cell Fate by microRNAs: Implications for Heart Regeneration,” Cells, vol. 3(4), pp. 996-1026 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Gao, L. et al., “Myocardial Tissue Engineering With Cells Derived from Human Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells and a Native-Like, High-Resolution, 3-Dimensionally Printed Scaffold,” Circ Res., vol. 120(8): 1318-1325 (2017). [cited by applicant]
Gao, L. et al., “Supplemental Material Myocardial tissue engineering with cardiac cells derived from human induced-pluripotent stem cells and a native-like, high-resolution, 3-dimensionally printed scaffold,” Circ Res.,… [cited by applicant]
Gearing, D. et al., “Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor is structurally related to the IL-6 signal transducer, gp130,” EMBO, vol. 10(10):2839-2848 (1991). [cited by applicant]
Giordano, F.J., et al., “A cardiac myocyte vascular endothelial growth factor paracrine pathway is required to maintain cardiac function,” PNAS,. U. S. A., vol. 98(10), pp. 5780-5785 (2001). [cited by applicant]
Guo, Y. et al, “Targeted deletion of the A3 adenosine receptor confers resistance to myocardial ischemic injury and does not prevent early preconditioning,” J Mol Cell Cardiol., vol. 33(4), pp. 825-830 (2001). [cited by applicant]
Harrison, R.H., et al., “Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a year in review,” Tissue Eng. Part B., vol. 20, 1-16. (2014). [cited by applicant]
Headrick, J.P, et al., “Acute adenosinergic cardioprotection in ischemic-reperfused hearts,” American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol. 285; pp. H1797-H1818, (2003). [cited by applicant]
High, F. et al., “Endothelial expression of the Notch ligand Jagged1 is required for vascular smooth muscle development,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 105(6), pp.… [cited by applicant]
Horvat, R. et al., “Endothelial Cell Membranes Contain Podocalyxin the Major Sialoprotein of Visceral Glomerular Epithelial Cells,” The Journal of Cell Biology, vol. 102: 484-491 (1986). [cited by applicant]
Beare, A. et al “The CD System of Leukocyte Surface Molecules: Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Cell Surface Antigens,” Current Protocols in Immunology, Appendix 4(1):4A, 73 pages (2008). [cited by applicant]
Chong, J. et al., “Progenitor Cells Identified by PDGFR-Alpha Expression in the Developing and Diseased Human Heart,” Stem Cells and Development vol. 22(13):1932-1943 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Gupta, S. et al “FZD4 as a Mediator of ERG Oncogene-Induced WNT Signaling and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Prostate Cancer Cells,” Cancer Res., vol. 70(17): 6735-6745 (2010). [cited by applicant]
Pearl, J. et al “Short-Term Immunosuppression Promotes Engraftment of Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,” Cell Stem Cell, vol. 8(3): 309-317 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Schenke-Layland, K. et al., “Recapitulation of the embryonic cardiovascular progenitor cell niche,” Biomaterials, vol. 32(11):2748-2756 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Huang, J. et al., “Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine In Basic Research: A Year in Review 2014,” Tissue Engineering: Part B, vol. 21(2) pp. 1-11 (2015). [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability, PCT/2015/046309, dated Feb. 28, 2017, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability, PCT/IB2017/001638, dated Jun. 4, 2019, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability, PCT/IB2018/001026, dated Feb. 25, 2020, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability, PCT/US2017/017952, dated Aug. 21, 2018, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/2015/046309, dated Jan. 19, 2016, 19 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/IB2017/001638, dated Mar. 22, 2018, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/IB2017/001638, dated Mar. 23, 2018, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/IB2018/001026, dated Jan. 16, 2019, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion, PCT/US2017/017952, dated May 3, 2017, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
Invitation to Pay Additional Fees and, where applicable, Protest Fee, PCT/US2015/046309, dated Nov. 6, 2015, pp. 1-7. [cited by applicant]
Jackson, K.A. et al., “Regeneration of ischemic cardiac muscle and vascular endothelium by adult stem cells,” J. Clin. Invest., vol. 107(11), pp. 1395-1402 (2001). [cited by applicant]
Jones, E.A. et al.“Jagged1 expression in human embryos: correlation with the Alagille syndrome phenotype,” J. Med. Genet. vol. 37, pp. 658-662 (2000). [cited by applicant]
Kaiser, N.J., et al., “Physiologically inspired cardiac scaffolds for tailored in vivo function and heart regeneration,” Biomed. Mater. vol. 10(3) 034003. (2015). [cited by applicant]
Karakikes, I. et al., “Small molecule-mediated directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells toward ventricular cardiomyocytes,” Stem Cells Transl Med. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Karakikes+(2014… [cited by applicant]
Keegan, K. et al., “Isolation of an additional member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, FGFR-3,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 88(4):1095-1099 (1991). [cited by applicant]
Khan, M., et al., “Evaluation of Changes in Morphology and Function of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes (HiPSC-CMs) Cultured on an Aligned-Nanofiber Cardiac Patch,” PLoS One 10, e0126338, 19 pa… [cited by applicant]
Kim, M.S., et al., “Activin-A and Bmp4 levels modulate cell type specification during CHIR-induced cardiomyogenesis,” PLOS One, vol. 10(2):e01186701, 16 pages (2015). [cited by applicant]
Kirikoshi, H., et al.“Molecular cloning and characterization of human Frizzled-4 on chromosome 11q14-q21,”Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., vol. 264(3), pp. 955-961(1999). [cited by applicant]
Koo, B.-K., et al.,“Controlled gene expression in primary Lgr5 organoid cultures,” Nat. Methods vol. 9(1), pp. 81-83 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Koyanagi, M. et al., “Differentiation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells to a cardiomyogenic phenotype depends on E-cadherin,” FEBS Letters, vol. 579: 6060-6066 (2005). [cited by applicant]
Kraehenbuehl, T.P, et al., “Three-dimensional biomaterials for the study of human pluripotent stem cells,” Nat. Methods vol. 8(9), pp. 731-736. (2011). [cited by applicant]
Krishnan, A, et al., “A detailed comparison of mouse and human cardiac development,” Pediatr. Research, vol. 76 (6) pp. 500-507 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Kwon, C. et al., “Canonical Wnt signaling is a positive regulator of mammalian cardiac progenitors,” PNAS, USA, vol. 104(26),pp. 10894-10899 (2007). [cited by applicant]
Laflamme, M.A., et al., “Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells in pro-survival factors enhance function of infarcted rat hearts,” Nat. Biotechnol., vol. 25(9), pp. 1015-1024 (2007). [cited by applicant]
Laflamme, M.A., et al., “Formation of human myocardium in the rat heart from human embryonic stem cells.” Am. J. Pathol. vol. 167(3)pp. 663-671 (2005). [cited by applicant]
Laflamme, M.A., et al., “Heart regeneration,” Nature, vol. 473(7347) pp. 326-335 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Lalit, P. et al., “Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Post-Myocardial Infarction Repair, Remarkable Opportunities and Challenges,” Circulation Research, vol. 114, pp. 1328-1345 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Lancaster, M.A., et al., “Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly,” Nature, vol. 501 (7467), pp. 373-379, (2013). [cited by applicant]
Laugwitz, K.-L., et al., “Postnatal isl1+ cardioblasts enter fully differentiated cardiomyocyte lineages,” Nature 433, 647-653.(2005). [cited by applicant]
Lauss, M. et al. “Single inner cell masses yield embryonic stem cell lines differing in lifr expression and their developmental potential,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 331:1577-1586 (2005). [cited by applicant]
Li, L. et al., The human homolog of rat Jagged1 expressed by marrow stroma inhibits differentiation of 32D cells through interaction with Notch1, Immunity, vol. 8(1) pp. 43-55 (1998). [cited by applicant]
Li, L., et al., “Alagille syndrome is caused by mutations in human Jagged1, which encodes a ligand for Notch1,” Nat. Genet., vol. 16, 243-251.(1997). [cited by applicant]
Lian, Q. et al., “Establishing Clonal Cell Lines with Endothelial-Like Potential from CD9hi, SSEA-12 Cells in Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Embryoid Bodies,” PLOS One, Issue 1(1):e6, 10 pages (2006) doi:10.1371/journal.po… [cited by applicant]
Lian, X. et al., “Directed cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells by modulating Wnt/?-catenin signaling under fully defined conditions,” Nature Protocols, vol. 8(1):162-175 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Lian, X., et al., “Insulin inhibits cardiac mesoderm, not mesendoderm, formation during cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and modulation of canonical wnt signaling can rescue this inhibition,” Stem… [cited by applicant]
Lian, X.J., et al.,“Robust cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells via temporal modulation of canonical Wnt signaling,” PNAS, U. S. A., vol. 109(27), pp. E1848-E1857. (2012). [cited by applicant]
Lin, B. et al., High-purity enrichment of functional cardiovascular cells from human iPS cells, Cardiovascular Research, vol. 95(3), pp. 327-335 (Aug. 8, 2012). [cited by applicant]
Lin, Z. et al., “Strategies for cardiac regeneration and repair,” Sci. Transl. Med., vol. 6, (239) 23 pages (2014). [cited by applicant]
Lui, K.O., et al., “Driving vascular endothelial cell fate of human multipotent Isl1+ heart progenitors with VEGF modified mRNA,”. Cell Res., vol. 23, pp. 1172-1186. (2013). [cited by applicant]
Marks, A.R., “Calcium cycling proteins and heart failure: mechanisms and therapeutics,” J. Clin. Invest., vol. 123, pp. 46-52. (2013). [cited by applicant]
Marrink, J. et al., “TRA-1-60: a new serum marker in patients with germ-cell tumors,” Int. J. Cancer, vol. 49:368-372 (1991). [cited by applicant]
Martin, U., “New muscle for old hearts: engineering tissue from pluripotent stem cells,” Hum. Gene Ther., vol. 26, pp. 305-311. (2015). [cited by applicant]
Masino, A. et al., “Transcriptional Regulation of Cardiac Progenitor Cell Populations,” Circ Res., vol. 95:389-397 (2004). [cited by applicant]
Masters, M., et al., “The epicardium signals the way towards heart regeneration,” Stem Cell Res., vol. 13, 683-692 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Masuda S., et al., “Eliminating residual iPS cells for safety in clinical Application,” Protein & Cell, vol. 6 (7):469-471 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Masuda, S. et al., “Three-dimensional cardiac tissue fabrication based on cell sheet technology,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 96, pp. 103-109 (2016). [cited by applicant]
Masumoto, H., et al., “Human iPS cell-engineered cardiac tissue sheets with cardiomyocytes and vascular cells for cardiac regeneration,” Sci. Rep., vol. 4 (6716) pp. 1-7 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Menasche, P. et al., “Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors for severe heart failure treatment: first clinical case report,” European Heart Journal, vol. 36:2011-2017 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Menasche′, P. et al., “Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors for severe heart failure treatment: first clinical case report,” European Heart Journal, vol. 36, pp. 2011-2017 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Menon, V. et al., “Flow Cytometry Protocols for Surface and Intracellular Antigen Analyses of Neural Cell Types,” J. Vis. Exp., vol. 94 (e52241) 11 pages (2014) doi:10.3791/52241. [cited by applicant]
Min, J.Y. et al. “Significant improvement of heart function by cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells and jetal cardiomyocytes in postinfarcted pigs,” Ann. Thorac. Surg., vol. 74 (5), pp. 1568-1575 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Molkentin and Houser, “Are Resident c-Kit+ Cardiac Stem Cells Really All That Are Needed to Mend a Broken Heart?,” Circ Res., vol. 113:1037-1039(2013). [cited by applicant]
Moretti, A., et al., “Multipotent embryonic isl1+ progenitor cells lead to cardiac, smooth muscle, and endothelial cell diversification,” Cell, vol. 127(6), pp. 1151-1165 (2006). [cited by applicant]
Musunuru, K. et al., “Stem Cell Models of Cardiac Development and Disease,” Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol., vol. 26, p. 667-687 (2010). [cited by applicant]
Nazarov, I. et al., “Multipotent Stromal Stem Cells from Human Placenta Demonstrate High Therapeutic Potential,” Stem Cells Translational Medicine, vol. 1: 359-372 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Niida, A. et al., “DKK1, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, is a target of the b-catenin/TCF pathway,” Oncogene, vol. 23: 8520-8526 (2004). [cited by applicant]
Niu, Y., et al., “Generation of gene-modified cynomolgus monkey via Cas9/RNA-mediated gene targeting in one-cell embryos,”. Cell, vol. 156, pp. 836-843. (2014). [cited by applicant]
Nsair, A. et al., “Characterization and Therapeutic Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells,” PLOS One, vol. 7(10): e45603, 12 pages (2012). [cited by applicant]
O'Brien, T.X., et al., “Positional specification of ventricular myosin light chain 2 expression in the primitive murine heart tube,” PNAS, U. S. A., vol. 90, pp. 5157-5161 (1993). [cited by applicant]
Oda, T. et al. “Mutations in the human Jagged1 gene are responsible for Alagille syndrome,” Nat. Genet., vol. 16, p. 235-242 (1997). [cited by applicant]
Oda, T. et al. Identification and cloning of the human homolog (JAG1) of the rat Jagged1 gene from the Alagille syndrome critical region at 20p12, Genomics, vol. 43(3) pp. 376-379 (1997). [cited by applicant]
Orchard, C., “T-tubule function in mammalian cardiac myocytes,” Circ. Res., vol. 92(11):1182-1192 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Orlic, D.et al., “Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium” Nature, vol. 410, pp. 701-705 (2001). [cited by applicant]
Ott, H.C., et al., “Perfusion-decellularized matrix: using nature's platform to engineer a bioartificial heart.,” Nat. Med., vol. 14, pp. 213-221, (2008). [cited by applicant]
Pagliuca, F.W., et al., “Generation of Functional Human Pancreatic beta Cells In Vitro,” Cell, vol. 159(2), pp. 428-439 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Parikh, A. et al., “Signaling Pathways and Gene Regulatory Networks in Cardiomyocyte Differentiation,” Tissue Engineering: Part B. vol. 21(4):377-392 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Patel, A.K., et al., “A defined synthetic substrate for serum free culture of human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes with improved functional maturity identified using combinatorial materials microarrays,” Biomaterials,… [cited by applicant]
Perin, E.C. et al., “Transendocardial, autologous bone marrow cell transplantation for severe, chronic ischemic heart failure,” Circulation, vol. 107, pp. 2294-2302 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Pittenger, M.F., et al., “Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potetial as Cardiac Therapeutics,” Circ. Res. vol. 95, pp. 9-20 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Plein, A. et al., “Neural crest-derived SEMA3C activates endothelial NRP1 for cardiac outflow tract septation,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 125 (7): 2661-2676 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Qyang, Y., et al. “The renewal and differentiation of Isl1+ cardiovascular progenitors are controlled by a Wnt/beta-catenin pathway,” Cell Stem Cell, vol. 1, pp. 165-179. (2007). [cited by applicant]
Robitaille, J. et al.“Mutant frizzled-4 disrupts retinal angiogenesis in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy,” Nat. Genet., vol. 32, pp. 326-330 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Rodrigues, G. et al., “Purification of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Precursors Using Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting,” Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 283:137-145 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Ruan, J.-L., et al., “Mechanical Stress Promotes Maturation of Human Myocardium from Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Progenitors,” Stem Cells, vol. 33(7), pp. 2148-2157, (2015). [cited by applicant]
Rubin, L.L., “Stem cells and drug discovery: the beginning of a new era?” Cell, vol. 132(4), pp. 549-552. (2008). [cited by applicant]
Ruvinov, E., et al., “Alginate biomaterial for the treatment of myocardial infarction: Progress, translational strategies, and clinical outlook: From ocean algae to patient bedside,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 96, pp. … [cited by applicant]
Sahara, M., et al.,“Programming and reprogramming a human heart cell,” EMBO J., vol. 34(6), pp. 710-738 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Sandstedt, J. et al., “Human C-kit+CD45- cardiac stem cells are heterogeneous and display both cardiac and endothelial commitment by single-cell qPCR analysis,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. … [cited by applicant]
Schaaf, S., et al., “Human engineered heart tissue as a versatile tool in basic research and preclinical toxicology,” PLoS One, vol. 6(10), e26397, pp. 1-11 (2011). [cited by applicant]
Schiemann, W.P. et al., “Phosphorylation of the human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor by mitogen-activated protein kinase and the regulation of LIF receptor function by heterologous receptor activation,” Proc.… [cited by applicant]
Schopperle, W.M. et al., “The TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 human pluripotent stem cell markers are expressed on podocalyxin in embryonal carcinoma,” Stem Cells, vol. 25:723-730 (2007). [cited by applicant]
Schwan, J., et al., “Prospects for In Vitro Myofilament Maturation in Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Myocytes, Biomarker,” Insights, vol. 10, pp. 91-103 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Segers, V.F.M.,et al., “Stem-cell therapy for cardiac disease,” Nature, vol. 451, pp. 937-942 (2008). [cited by applicant]
Senyo, S.E., et al., “Mammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes,” Nature, vol. 493(7432), pp. 433-436. (2013). [cited by applicant]
Shiang, R. et al., “Mutations in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3 cause the most common genetic form of dwarfism, achondroplasia,” Cell, vol. 78:335-343 (1994). [cited by applicant]
Shiba, Y. et al., “Allogeneic transplantation of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerates primate hearts,” Nature, vol. 538: 388-404 (2016). [cited by applicant]
Shultz, L.D., et al., “Human lymphoid and myeloid cell development in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2R gamma null mice engrafted with mobilized human hemopoietic stem cells,” J. Immunol., vol. 174, pp. 6477-6489 (2005). [cited by applicant]
Sinzou [Heart], Feb. 2014, vol. 46, No. 2, p. 170-176 (translator's note: no English language counterpart could be located). [cited by applicant]
Soh, B-S, et al. “Endothelin-1 supports clonal derivation and expansion of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells,” Nature Communications, vol. 7 (10774) 10 pages (2016) doi: 10.1038/ncomms10… [cited by applicant]
Später, D., et al., “How to make a cardiomyocyte,” Development, vol. 141(23), pp. 4418-4431 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Später, D., et al.,“A HCN4+ cardiomyogenic progenitor derived from the first heart field and human pluripotent stem cells,” Nat. Cell Biol., vol. 15, pp. 1098-1106 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Stamm, C. et al.“Autologous bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation for myocardial regeneration,” Lancet, vol. 361, pp. 45-46 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Stepniewski, J. et al., “Induced pluripotent stem cells as a model for diabetes investigation,” Scientific Reports, vol. 5 (8597): 14 pages (2015) DOI: 10.1038/srep08597. [cited by applicant]
Stevens, K.R. et al., “Physiological function and transplantation of scaffold-free and vascularized human cardiac muscle tissue,” PNAS, vol. 106(39): 16568-16573 (2009). [cited by applicant]
Stevens, K.R. et al., “Physiological function and transplantation of scaffold-free and vascularized human cardiac muscle tissue,” Supporting Information, PNAS, vol. 106(39): 12 pages (2009). [cited by applicant]
Sultana, N. et al., “Resident c-kit+ cells in the heart are not cardiac stem cells,” Nature Communications, vol. 6 (8701) 10 pages (2015). [cited by applicant]
Tanaka, S. et al., “A novel frizzled gene identified in human esophageal carcinoma mediates APC/beta-catenin signals,” PNAS USA, vol. 95, pp. 10164-10169 (1998). [cited by applicant]
Thomson, J.A. et al., “Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts,” Science, vol. 282, pp. 1145-1147 (1998). [cited by applicant]
Tulloch, N.L., et al., “Growth of engineered human myocardium with mechanical loading and vascular co-culture,” Circ. Res., vol. 109(1), pp. 47-59.(2011). [cited by applicant]
Van Berlo, J. et al., “An emerging consensus on cardiac regeneration,” Nat. Med., vol. 20(12): 1386-1393 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Van Berlo, J. et al., “c-kit+ cells minimally contribute cardiomyocytes to the heart,” Nature, vol. 509: 337-351 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Van Laake, L.W., et al., “Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes survive and mature in the mouse heart and transiently improve function after myocardial infarction,” Stem Cell Res., vol. 1, pp. 9-24. (2007). [cited by applicant]
Vanhoof, D. et al., “Identification of Cell Surface Proteins for Antibody-Based Selection of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes,” Journal of Proteome Research, vol. 9(3), pp. 1610-1618 (Mar. 2010). [cited by applicant]
Vunjak-Novakovic, G., et al.,“Bioengineering heart muscle: a paradigm for regenerative medicine,” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng., vol. 13, pp. 245-267. (2011). [cited by applicant]
Wang, G.,et al., “Modeling the mitochondrial cardiomyopathy of Barth syndrome with iPSC and heart-on-chip technologies,” Nat. Med., vol. 20(6), pp. 616-623 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Wang, J., et al., “Cardiomyopathy associated with microcirculation dysfunction in laminin alpha4 chain-deficient mice,” J. Biol. Chem., vol. 281, pp. 213-220 (2006). [cited by applicant]
Webber, M.J., et al., “A Perspective on the Clinical Translation of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering,” Ann. Biomed. Eng., vol. 43, pp. 641-656. (2014). [cited by applicant]
Wiencierz et al. “Differential Expression Levels of Integrin a6 Enable the Selective Identification and Isolation of Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes,” PLoS One, vol. 10(11):e0143538. (2015). [cited by applicant]
Wojakowski, W., et al. “The role of CXCR4/SDF-1, CD117/SCF, and c-met/HGF chemokine signalling in the mobilization of progenitor cells and the parameters of the left ventricular function, remodelling, and myocardial per… [cited by applicant]
Yang, L., et al., “Human cardiovascular progenitor cells develop from a KDR+ embryonic-stem-cell-derived population,” Nature 453, 524-528. (2008). [cited by applicant]
Yang, Z., “Cardiac overexpression of A1-adenosine receptor protects intact mice against myocardial infarction,” Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol. 282, pp. H949-H955 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Ye, L., et al., “Fabrication of a myocardial patch with cells differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells,” Methods Mol. Biol., vol. 1299, pp. 103-114.(2015). [cited by applicant]
Yi, A. et al., “Pregenerative medicine: developmental paradigms in the biology of cardiovascular regeneration,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 120(1) pp. 20-28 (2010). [cited by applicant]
Yin, L. et a., “Induction of Vascular Progenitor Cells from Endothelial Cells Stimulates Coronary Collateral Growth,” Circ Res., vol. 110(2): 241-252 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Yu, J. et al., “Human induced pluripotent stem cells free of vector and transgene sequences,” Science, vol. 324 (5928), pp. 797-801 (2009). [cited by applicant]
Zangi, L., et al., “Modified mRNA directs the fate of heart progenitor cells and induces vascular regeneration after myocardial infarction,” Nat. Biotechnol., vol. 31(10), pp. 898-907 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Zentilin et al. “Cardiomyocyte VEGFR-1 activation by VEGF-B induces compensatory hypertrophy and preserves cardiac function after myocardial infarction,” FASEB, vol. 24(5):1467-1478 ( 2010). [cited by applicant]
Zhang, J. et al., “Extracellular matrix promotes highly efficient cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells: The matrix sandwich method,” Circ. Res., vol. 111, pp. 1125-1136 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Zhou, B., et al., “Epicardial progenitors contribute to the cardiomyocyte lineage in the developing heart,” Nature, vol. 454, pp. 109-113 (2008). [cited by applicant]