Conditioning gas for a pipeline
Flow from a gas well is conditioned prior to a production pipeline. A flow line is coupled to a gas well to receive the gas and coupled to a production pipeline to direct the received gas away from the production site, the flow line residing at a production site and comprising an electric power generation system. The electric power generation system has a turbine generator. The inlet nozzle and turbine wheel of the turbine generator is configured to reduce the pressure and temperature of the received gas to conditions associated with the production pipeline.
1. A system for conditioning flow from a gas well prior to a production pipeline, comprising:
an inlet flow line coupled to a wellhead of the gas well to receive gas produced from the gas well;
a flow line coupled to the inlet flow line to receive the gas and coupled to the production pipeline to direct the received gas away from a production site, the flow line residing at the production site and comprising an electric power generation system,
the electric power generation system comprising:
a turbine wheel configured to receive the gas and rotate in response to expansion of the gas flowing into an inlet of the turbine wheel and out of an outlet of the turbine wheel,
a nozzle configured to direct gas into the inlet of the turbine wheel,
an electric rotor coupled to the turbine wheel and configured to rotate with the turbine wheel, and
a stationary electric stator, the electric rotor and electric stator defining an electric generator configured to generate current upon rotation of the electric rotor within the electric stator, and
the turbine wheel configured to have an isentropic efficiency of 80% or lower at the fluid conditions of the received gas when both (i) reducing a pressure of the received gas, at an inlet to the production pipeline downstream of the outlet of the turbine wheel, to at least a specified maximum pressure associated with the pipeline and (ii) reducing a temperature of the received gas, at the inlet to the production pipeline, to no lower than a specified minimum temperature associated with the pipeline.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the isenthalpic efficiency of the turbine wheel is selected based on the fluid conditions of the received gas, the specified maximum pressure and the specified minimum temperature.
3. The system of claim 1 , where the nozzle and the turbine wheel is configured to reduce a temperature of the received gas to no lower than a temperature at which hydrates form in the gas at an inlet of the pipeline.
4. The system of claim 1 , where the turbine wheel is configured to reduce a temperature of the received gas from a temperature higher than a specified maximum temperature associated with the pipeline to a temperature lower than the specified maximum temperature.
5. The system of claim 1 , where there is no heater between the turbine wheel and the production pipeline.
6. The system of claim 5 , where the nozzle and the turbine wheel characteristics are selected based on a specified minimum temperature of the pipeline to be above a specified minimum temperature over the operating life of the well.
7. The system of claim 1 , comprising a second flow line coupled to the inlet flow line to receive the gas and provide an alternate flow path for the gas around the first mentioned flow line, the second flow line comprising a pressure control valve, and where the first mentioned flow line and the second flow line are coupled downstream of the electric power generation system to recombine flow from the first mentioned flow line and the second flow line.
8. The system of claim 1 , comprising a hermetically sealed housing from an inlet of the electric power generation system to an outlet of the electric power generation system, the hermetically sealed housing enclosing the turbine wheel, the electric rotor, and the electric stator and hermetically sealed inline in the first mentioned flow line from the inlet to the outlet of the electric power generation system so that the received gas flows through the turbine and over the electric stator.
9. The system of claim 1 , comprising a flow control valve in the flow line upstream of the electric power generation system.
10. The system of claim 1 , where the fluid conditions of the received gas comprise at least one of pressure, temperature, or flow rate of the received gas.
11. A method of conditioning a flow from a gas well for a production pipeline, comprising:
receiving flow from the gas well at a flow line, the flow line comprising an electric power generation system residing on a production site of the well and comprising:
a turbine wheel configured to receive the gas and rotate in response to expansion of the gas flowing into an inlet of the turbine wheel and out of an outlet of the turbine wheel,
a nozzle configured to direct gas to the inlet of the turbine wheel,
an electric rotor coupled to the turbine wheel and configured to rotate with the turbine wheel, and
a stationary electric stator, the electric rotor and electric stator defining an electric generator configured to generate current upon rotation of the electric rotor within the electric stator;
flowing a portion of the flow from the gas well through the flow line and the electric power generation system, with the turbine operating at an isentropic efficiency of 80% or lower; and
(i) reducing a pressure of the gas at an inlet to the production pipeline to at least a specified maximum pressure associated with the production pipeline and (ii) reducing a temperature of the gas at the inlet to the production pipeline to no lower than a specified minimum temperature associated with the production pipeline.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein reducing a temperature of the gas at the inlet to the production pipeline comprises reducing the temperature of the gas to at least a maximum specified temperature for the gas supplied to the production pipeline.
13. The method of claim 12 , where the maximum specified temperature is 38° C. or lower, the maximum specified temperature being higher than a freezing temperature of the gas.
14. The method of claim 11 , where the specified minimum temperature is a hydrate formation temperature of the gas at an outlet of the flow line.
15. The method of claim 11 , comprising not heating the gas between an inlet to the flow line and the inlet to the pipeline.
16. The method of claim 11 , where the electric power generation system comprises a hermetically sealed housing from an inlet of the electric power generation system to an outlet of the electric power generation system, the hermetically sealed housing enclosing the turbine wheel, the electric stator, and the electric rotor and hermetically sealed to the remainder of the flow line from the inlet to the outlet of the electric power generation system and where flowing a portion of the flow from the gas well through the flow line and the electric power generation system comprises flowing the flow around the electric stator.