Fuel cell system
The invention relates to a fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell stack, which comprises an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, with at least one air conveying device for the supply of the cathode chamber with air via a feed air line, with an outlet air line from the cathode chamber, with at least one fuel supply device for the supply of the anode chamber with fuel, with at least one anode circuit for the recirculation of unused fuel around the anode chamber, furthermore with a cathode bypass. The fuel cell system according to the invention is characterized in that the cathode bypass line branches off from the feed air line upstream of or in the region of a valve device in said feed air line, and opens into the outlet air line downstream of or in the region of a further valve device in said outlet air line, wherein a gas jet pump which can be driven by the air which flows around the cathode chamber is arranged in the cathode bypass, which gas jet pump is connected switchably on the suction side to the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber.
1 . A fuel cell system with at least one fuel cell stack, which comprises an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, with at least one air conveying device for the supply of the cathode chamber with air via a feed air line, with an outlet air line from the cathode chamber, with at least one fuel supply device for the supply of the anode chamber with fuel, with at least one anode circuit for the recirculation of unused fuel around the anode chamber, furthermore with a cathode bypass, characterized in that the cathode bypass branches off from the feed air line upstream of or in the region of a valve device in said feed air line, and opens into the outlet air line downstream of or in the region of a further valve device in said outlet air line, wherein a gas jet pump which can be driven by the air which flows around the cathode chamber is arranged in the cathode bypass, which gas jet pump is connected switchably on the suction side to the anode chamber and/or the cathode chamber.
2 . The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein in the anode circuit, a fan is driven as a recirculation conveyor by an outlet air turbine in the outlet air line.
3 . The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the valve devices in the feed air line and/or the outlet air line is formed as a 3/2-way valve.
4 . The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein the air conveying device is formed in two stages.
5 . The fuel cell system according to claim 4 , wherein the two-stage air conveying device is formed in the form of a free-running turbocharger, which is connected on the turbine side to the pressure side of a first compressor wheel of an air compressor, and which is connected on the compressor side to the pressure side of a second compressor wheel of the same air compressor.
6 . The fuel cell system according to claim 5 , wherein the first and the second compressor wheel are formed symmetrically and are arranged on a shaft with a common electric motor.
7 . The fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein a water separator is arranged in the flow direction of the outlet air after the mouth of the cathode bypass in the outlet air line, and in the flow direction of the outlet air in front of the outlet air turbine.
8 . The fuel cell system according to claim 4 , wherein an exhaust gas recirculation line switchably connects the outlet air line after the mouth of the cathode bypass, and in an embodiment according to claim 2 , in particular after the outlet air turbine, to a register line between the two stages of compression.
9 . The fuel cell system according to claim 7 , wherein the at least one water separator is connected to or forms a water tank, wherein the water tank is connected to a pressurized water distributor via a water pump, from which branch lines branch off to consumption points.
10 . The fuel cell system according to claim 9 , wherein the consumption points comprise hydrodynamic bearings of the free-running turbocharger and/or at least one humidifier in the supply air, in particular in the form of a one or two substance nozzle.
11 . The fuel cell system according to claim 10 , wherein the at least one humidifier is arranged in the supply air before and/or after the second compressor stage.
12 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 1 , wherein if necessary, gases are sucked out of the cathode chamber and/or the anode circuit via the gas jet pump in the cathode bypass line.
13 . The fuel cell system according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of the valve devices in the feed air line and/or the outlet air line is formed as a 3/2-way valve.
14 . The fuel cell system according to claim 2 , wherein the air conveying device is formed in two stages.
15 . The fuel cell system according to claim 3 , wherein the air conveying device is formed in two stages.
16 . The fuel cell system according to claim 5 , wherein an exhaust gas recirculation line switchably connects the outlet air line after the mouth of the cathode bypass, and in an embodiment according to claim 2 , in particular after the outlet air turbine, to a register line between the two stages of compression.
17 . The fuel cell system according to claim 8 , wherein the at least one water separator is connected to or forms a water tank, wherein the water tank is connected to a pressurized water distributor via a water pump, from which branch lines branch off to consumption points.
18 . The fuel cell system according to claim 5 , wherein the at least one humidifier is arranged in the supply air before and/or after the second compressor stage.
19 . A method for operating a fuel cell system according to claim 2 , wherein if necessary, gases are sucked out of the cathode chamber and/or the anode circuit via the gas jet pump in the cathode bypass line.
20 . The fuel cell system according to claim 6 , wherein an exhaust gas recirculation line switchably connects the outlet air line after the mouth of the cathode bypass, and in an embodiment according to claim 2 , in particular after the outlet air turbine, to a register line between the two stages of compression.