IP Library Granted Patent US 12,478,617
Granted Patent B2
US 12,478,617 · App. 18/495,457 · Granted Nov 25, 2025

Lipidated peptide inhibitors of interleukin-23 receptor

Inventors: Santhosh Neelamkavil (Spring House, PA); Chengzao Sun (Spring House, PA); Sandeep Somani (Spring House, PA); Stephanie A. Barros (Spring House, PA); Danila Branca (Pomezia, IT); Ashok Bhandari (Newark, CA); James Daniel (Newark, CA); Tran Trung Tran (Newark, CA); Brian Frederick (Newark, CA)
Assignees: JANSSEN BIOTECH, INC.; PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC.
A61K31/4439A61P37/02
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,478,617
App. No.
18/495,457
Granted
Nov 25, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

The present invention relates to novel lipidated peptide inhibitors of the interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and/or other forms thereof, corresponding pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses of the IL-23R inhibitors for treatment of autoimmune inflammation diseases and/or related disorders.

Claims (65)

1 . An interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor selected from the group consisting of:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

3 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

4 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

5 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

6 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

7 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

8 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

9 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

10 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

11 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

12 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

13 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

14 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

15 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

16 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

17 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

18 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

19 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

20 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

21 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

22 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

23 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

24 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising:

(i) the interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and

(ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.

25 . A method for treating a disease or disorder associated with interleukin 23 (IL-23)/interleukin 23 receptor (IL-23R), said method comprising administering an effective amount of the interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof.

26 . A method for treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), said method comprising administering an effective amount of the interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof.

27 . A method for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), said method comprising administering an effective amount of the interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof.

28 . A method for treating Crohn's disease (CD), said method comprising administering an effective amount of the interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof.

29 . A method for treating psoriasis (PsO), said method comprising administering an effective amount of the interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof.

30 . A method for treating psoriatic arthritis (PsA), said method comprising administering an effective amount of the interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof.

31 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

32 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

33 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

34 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

35 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

36 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

37 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

38 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

39 . The interleukin-23 inhibitor of claim 1 , having the following structure:

40 . The interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor of claim 6 , having the following structure:

Assignments (5)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 23, 2025
From: BHANDARI, ASHOK; DANIEL, JAMES; TRAN, TRAN TRUNG; FREDERICK, BRIAN
To: PROTAGONIST THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Reel/Frame 071488/0962 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 23, 2025
From: IRBM S.P.A.
To: JANSSEN BIOTECH, INC.
Reel/Frame 071488/0969 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 23, 2025
From: JANSSEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, LLC
To: JANSSEN BIOTECH, INC.
Reel/Frame 071488/0972 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 23, 2025
From: BRANCA, DANILA
To: IRBM S.P.A.
Reel/Frame 071488/0991 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 23, 2025
From: BARROS, STEPHANIE A.; NEELAMKAVIL, SANTHOSH; SOMANI, SANDEEP; SUN, CHENGZAO
To: JANSSEN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, LLC
Reel/Frame 071489/0001 →
Continuity (3)
Continuation PCTUS2022037205 · Jul 14, 2022
Provisional Application 63221697 · Jul 14, 2021
Related Publication 20240173309A1 · May 30, 2024
References Cited (362)
US 4684620A · Hruby et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4724229A · Ali · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 5192746A · Lobl et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5494897A · Ishikawa et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5569741A · Coy et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5990084A · Richter et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6087334A · Beeley et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6235711B1 · Dutta · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6818617B1 · Niewiarowski et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 7534764B2 · Ganz et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7589170B1 · Smythe et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7718598B1 · Smythe et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8304382B2 · Ferreira et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8313950B2 · Rovin et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8435941B2 · Ganz et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8536140B2 · Clandinin et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8568706B2 · Grabstein et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8796418B2 · Walensky et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8946150B2 · Gallagher et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8999935B2 · Huang · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9169292B2 · Gallagher et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9273093B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9518091B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9605027B2 · Gallagher et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9624268B2 · Bourne et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9714270B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9809623B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9822157B2 · Smythe et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 10023614B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10030061B2 · Smythe et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10035824B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10059744B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10196424B2 · Bourne et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10278957B2 · Anandan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10301371B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10407468B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10442846B2 · Smythe et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10501515B2 · Vink et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10626146B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10729676B2 · Anandan et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10787490B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10941183B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11041000B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11111272B2 · Bhandari et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11845808B2 · Sun et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20030166138A1 · Kinsella et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030166514A1 · Jones et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040052785A1 · Goodman et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040123343A1 · La Rosa et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040176293A1 · Peterson et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20060166881A1 · Hotchkiss et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060183884A1 · Blaschuk et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070032417A1 · Baell · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070166308A1 · Pullen et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070191272A1 · Stemmer et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070197430A1 · Baell et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080019913A1 · Polt et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080213277A1 · Sasu et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080260820A1 · Borrelly et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080300180A1 · Schambye et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090053819A1 · Seymour et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090170143A1 · Uttenthal et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090257952A1 · Cochran et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100151487A1 · Rovin et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100183617A1 · Herr et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100190710A1 · Chemtob et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100196441A1 · Sondermeijer et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100272731A1 · Presta et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100280098A1 · Juliano et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110059087A1 · Lewis et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110086024A1 · Arthos et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110118186A1 · Schteingart et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110142889A1 · Lee et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110212104A1 · Beaumont et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110282029A1 · Holmes et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120021975A1 · Hoffmann et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120040894A1 · Ganz et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120071422A1 · Gallagher et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120115930A1 · Monia et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130029907A1 · Gallagher et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130137123A1 · Cucchiara et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130172272A1 · Gallagher et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130183755A1 · Gallagher et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130310303A1 · Eldar-Finkelman et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130338132A1 · Koshiba et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140005128A1 · Mo et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140193465A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140286953A1 · Sasu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140294901A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140294902A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140336110A1 · Ganz et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150056301A1 · Kawabe et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150118315A1 · Wilson · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150157692A1 · Fu · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150203555A1 · Gellman et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150284429A1 · Merutka · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160031944A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160039878A1 · Gallagher et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160145306A1 · Bourne et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160152664A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160159862A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160199437A1 · Wilson · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160222076A1 · Smythe et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160228491A1 · Wilson · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160368966A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170313754A1 · Bourne et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170327541A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180022778A1 · Bourne et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180079782A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180079783A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180099995A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180100004A1 · Smythe et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180105572A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180148477A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190002500A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190002503A1 · Bourne et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190016756A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190076400A1 · Anandan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190185535A1 · Smythe et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190185536A1 · Smythe et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190231746A1 · Anandan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190248870A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190264197A1 · Barkan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190270786A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190300590A1 · Bhandari · 2019 [cited by examiner]
US 20190337983A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200017549A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200017566A1 · Bourne et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200040037A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200064357A1 · Cheng et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200207822A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200239516A1 · Richelle et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200239523A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200308229A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200361992A1 · Bourne et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210009638A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210061872A1 · Liu et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210147483A1 · Bourne et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210363185A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210371466A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220041658A1 · Bhandari · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220177532A1 · Di Pretoro et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220185846A1 · Manthati et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220251142A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220348626A1 · Smythe et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220372099A1 · Liu et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220402983A1 · Sun et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230129095A1 · Bhandari et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
CA 2015761A1 · 1990 [cited by applicant]
CN 101307085A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
CN 101358201A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
DE 10107707A1 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
JP 2011231085A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
JP 2016521257A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
JP 2017530090A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9217492A1 · 1992 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9411018A1 · 1994 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9617617A1 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9725351A2 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9808871A1 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9833524A1 · 1998 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9902194A1 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9926615A1 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0006243A2 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0009560A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0018789A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0018790A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0023474A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0055119A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0055184A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0061580A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO0168586A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO03066678A1 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004011650A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004092405A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006032104A1 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2007138291A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008097461A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008101017A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008134659A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008140602A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2009002947A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2009027752A2 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010065815A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010116752A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010124874A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011091357A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011149942A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012052205A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013086143A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014059213A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014127316A2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014145561A2 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014165448A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014210056A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015054500A2 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015157283A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015176035A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015183963A2 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015200916A2 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016004093A2 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016011208A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016054411A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016054445A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016109363A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016115168A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016195663A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016200364A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017011820A2 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017117411A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017165676A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018022917A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018022937A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018089693A2 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018136646A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019051494A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019157268A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019246313A9 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019246273A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019246349A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020014646A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020198682A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021007433A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021046246A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021146441A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021142373A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021146454A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021146458A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022026629A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022026631A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022026633A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022109328A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022212696A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022212698A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022212700A2 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022266060A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023288017A2 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023288019A2 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023288028A2 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
Liu, Shuang, “Radiolabeled Multimeric Cyclic RGD Peptides as Integrin Alphavbeta3 Targeted Radiotracers for Tumor Imaging” School of Health Science, Purdue University, Molecular Pharmaceutics (2006); 3(5):472-487. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2022/037205 mailed Jan. 12, 2023, 25 pages. [cited by applicant]
Adams and Macmillan, “Investigation of peptide thioester formation via N->Se acyl transfer.” Journal of Peptide Science (2013); 19 (2): 65-73. [cited by applicant]
Andreu, et al., “Formation of Disulfide Bonds in Synthetic Peptides and Proteins” Ch. 7 in Synthetic Peptides and Proteins. In: Pennington M.W., Dunn B.M. (eds) Peptide Synthesis Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology … [cited by applicant]
Annis, et al., “[10] Disulfide bond formation in peptides”. Methods Enzymol. (1997); 289: 198-221. [cited by applicant]
Ashby, et al., “Plasma hepcidin levels are elevated but responsive to erythropoietin therapy in renal disease.” Kidney International (2009); 75 (9): 976-981. [cited by applicant]
Balasubramanian and Kuppuswamy, “RGD-containing Peptides Activate S6K1 through 3 Integrin in Adult Cardiac Muscle Cells”, J Biol Chem. (Oct. 24, 2003); 278(43): 42214-42224. Epub Aug. 9, 2003. [cited by applicant]
Boer, J., et al., “Design and Synthesis of Potent and Selective 47 Integrin Antagonists.” J. Med. Chem. (2001); 44 (16): 2586-2592. [cited by applicant]
Bowie, J. U. et al., “Deciphering the message in protein sequences: Tolerance to amino acid substitutions,” Science, (Mar. 16, 1990), 247(4948):1306-1310. [cited by applicant]
Brayden, D.J., and Mrsny, R.J., “Oral peptide delivery: prioritizing the leading technologies”. Therapeutic Delivery (2011); 2(12): 1567-1573. [cited by applicant]
Chang, et al., Role of disulfide bonds in the structure and activity of human insulin. Mol Cells (Dec. 2003); 16(3): 323-330. [cited by applicant]
Chatterjee, Jayanta, et al., “N-Methylation of Peptides: A New Perspective in Medicinal Chemistry”, Accounts of Chemical Research (2008); 41(10): 1331-1342. [cited by applicant]
Cheng et al., “The Biomarker Profile of PTG-200, an Oral Peptide Antagonist of IL-23 Receptor, Tracks with Efficacy in a Preclinical Model of IBD”. Gastroenterology, AGA Abstracts, vol. 152, Issue 5, Supplement 1, S31, … [cited by applicant]
Chermahini et al., “Cyclic peptide nanocapsule as ion carrier for halides: a theoretical survey”, Structural Chemistry (Oct. 2018); 29(5): 1351-1357. [cited by applicant]
Cherry, et al., “Vedolizumab: an α4ß747 integrin antagonist for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.” Ther Adv Chronic Dis. (2015); 6(5): 224-233. [cited by applicant]
Clark, et al., “The Engineering of an Orally Active Conotoxin for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain.” Angew Chem Int Ed (Sep. 2010); 49: 6545-6548. [cited by applicant]
Clark, et al., “Understanding the Structure/Activity Relationships of the Iron Regulatory Peptide Hepcidin.” Chem Biol. (Mar. 2011); 18(3): 336-343. [cited by applicant]
Clark, Richard J., et al. “Design, synthesis, and characterization of cyclic analogues of the iron regulatory peptide hormone hepcidin.” Peptide Science (2013); 100.5: 519-526. [cited by applicant]
Craik, et al., “Potential therapeutic applications of the cyclotides and related cystine knot mini-proteins.” Expert Opin Investig Drugs (May 2007); 16(5): 595-604. [cited by applicant]
“Crushing Guide for Oral Medication in Residential Aged Care”, Waitemata District Health Board, 2011, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Database EPO Proteins [Online] Dec. 3, 2010 (Dec. 3, 2010), “Sequence from Patent WO2010124874.” XP002761649, retrieved from EBI accession No. EPOP:HI656765 Database accession No. HI656765, 1 page. [cited by applicant]
Database USPTO Proteins [Online] Dec. 17, 2012 (Dec. 17, 2012), “Sequence from U.S. Pat. No. 8,313,950.”, XP002761650, retrieved from EBI accession No. USPOP:AGA36544 Database accession No. AGA36544, 1 page. [cited by applicant]
Davies, J.S., “The Cyclization of Peptides and Depsipeptides”, J Pept Sci. (Aug. 2003); 9(8): 471-501. [cited by applicant]
De Mast, et al., “Increased serum hepcidin and alterations in blood iron parameters associated with asymptomatic P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria.” Haematologica (2010); 95 (7): 1068-1074. [cited by applicant]
De Vega, et al., “Modulation of Protein-Protein Interactions by Stabilizing/Mimicking Protein Secondary Structure Elements.” Curr Top Med Chem (2007); 7(1): 33-62. [cited by applicant]
Definition of Isostere, Medical Definition and More from Merriam-Webster Dictionary, www.merriam-webster.com/medical/isostere accessed on Feb. 5, 2015, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Delgado et al., “The uses and properties of PEG-linked proteins”. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems (Jan. 1, 1992); 9(3-4): 249-304. [cited by applicant]
Desbenoit, N., et al. “Reversible metalation of a bis-disulfide analogue of the Cys*-X-Cys* hepcidin binding site: structural characterisation of the related copper complex].” Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises (2010); … [cited by applicant]
Dolain, Christel, et al. “Inducing -Helices in Short Oligopeptides through Binding by an Artificial Hydrophobic Cavity.” Journal of the American Chemical Society (2010); 132.16: 5564-5565. [cited by applicant]
Dubree, Nathan J.P. et al., “Selective 47 Integrin Antagonists and Their Potential as Antiinflammatory Agents”, J. Med. Chem., 45: 3451-3457 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Dutta, Anand S., “Potent Cyclic Monomeric and Dimeric Peptide Inhibitors of VLA-4 (a4b1 Integrin)-Mediated Cell Adhesion Based on the lle-Leu-Asp-Val Tetrapeptide”, J. Peptide Sci. (2000); 6: 321-341. [cited by applicant]
Dutton, et al., “A New Level of Conotoxin Diversity, a Non-native Disulfide Bond Connectivity in -Conotoxin AulB Reduces Structural Definition but Increases Biological Activity.” J Biol Chem (Oct. 2002); 277(50): 48849-… [cited by applicant]
Fass, D., “Disulfide bonding in protein biophysics.” Annu Rev Biophys (2012); 41: 63-79. Epub Dec. 20, 2011. [cited by applicant]
Fosgerau and Hoffman, “Peptide therapeutics: current status and future directions.” Drug Discovery Today (2015); 20(1): 122-128. [cited by applicant]
Foster “Deuterium Isotope Effects in Studies of Drug Metabolism”, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. (1984); 5(12): 524-527. [cited by applicant]
Francis, G., et al., “PEGylation of Cytokines and other Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides: the Importance of Biological Optimisation of Coupling Techniques,” International Journal of Hematology, Jul. 1998, vol. 68, pp. … [cited by applicant]
Frese et al., “Modular Combination of Enzymatic Halogenation of Tryptophan with Suzuki—Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions.” ChemCatChem. May 20, 2016, vol. 8, No. 10, pp. 1799-1803. [cited by applicant]
Ganz and Nemeth, “Hepcidin and iron homeostasis.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Molecular Cell Research (Sep. 2012); 1823 (9): 1434-1443. [cited by applicant]
Garcia, Josep et al., “D-Polyarginine Lipopeptides as Intestinal Permeation Enhancers”. ChemMedChem Oct. 8, 2018; 13(19): 2045-2052. Epub Aug. 20, 2018. [cited by applicant]
Gee et al. “Cyclic Peptides as Non-carboxyl-terminal Ligands of Syntrophin PDZ Domains,” The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273(34): 21980-21987 (1998). [cited by applicant]
Gentilucci, et al., “Chemical Modifications Designed to Improve Peptide Stability: Incorporation of Non-Natural Amino Acids, Pseudo-Peptide Bonds, and Cyclization”. Curr Pharm Des. (2010); 16(28): 3185-3203. [cited by applicant]
Girelli, Domenico, et al. “Hepcidin in the diagnosis of iron disorders.” Blood (2016); 127.23 : 2809-2813. [cited by applicant]
Gombotz and Pettit, “Biodegradable Polymers for Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery”. Bioconjugate Chem. (Jul. 1, 1995); 6(4): 332-351. [cited by applicant]
Görmer, et al., “Efficient Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides”, J. Org. Chem. (Feb. 1, 2010); 75(5): 1811-1813. [cited by applicant]
Gruschow, et al., “New pacidamycin antibiotics through precursor-directed biosynthesis”. Chembiochem. Jan. 26, 2009; 10(2): 355-360. [cited by applicant]
Guerler and Knapp, “Novel protein folds and their nonsequential structural analogs.” Protein Sci (Aug. 2008); 17(8): 1374-1382. [cited by applicant]
Guharoy and Chakrabarti, “Secondary structure based analysis and classification of biological interfaces: identification of binding motifs in protein-protein interactions.” Bioinformatics (2007); 23(15): 1909-1918. Epub… [cited by applicant]
Gupta, et al., “A classification of disulfide patterns and its relationship to protein structure and function.” Protein Sci (Aug. 2004); 13(8): 2045-2058. [cited by applicant]
Haanstra, et al., “Antagonizing the a4B1 Integrin, but no a4B7, Inhibits Leukocytic Infiltration of the Central Nervous System in Rhesus Monkey Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis”, Journal of Immunology, 90(5): 1… [cited by applicant]
Hartig, et al., “Intramolecular disulphide bond arrangements in nonhomologous proteins.” Protein Sci Publ Protein Soc (Feb. 2005); 14(2): 474-482. [cited by applicant]
Hawe, et al., “Forced degradation of therapeutic proteins.” J Pharm Sci. (Mar. 2012); 101(3): 895-913. Epub Nov. 14, 2011. [cited by applicant]
Henikoff and Henikoff, “Amino acid substitution matrices from protein blocks.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (Nov. 1992); 89(Nov.); 10915-10919. [cited by applicant]
Hruby and Bonner, “Design of Novel Synthetic Peptides Including Cyclic Conformationally and Topographically Constrained Analogs”. Methods in Molecular Biology, Ch. 11, vol. 35 Peptide Synthesis Protocols, Edited by M.W … [cited by applicant]
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682145.html. Accessed Dec. 22, 2022 (Year: 2022), 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/what-is-type-1-diabetes.html. Accessed Dec. 22, 2022 (Year: 2022), 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Psoriatic-Arthritis. Accessed Dec. 22, 2022 (Year: 2022), 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Hudecz, et al., “Synthesis, conformation, biodistribution and in vitro cytotoxicity of daunomycin-branched polypeptide conjugates”. Bioconjugate Chem. (Jan. 1, 1992); 3(1): 49-57. [cited by applicant]
Ilyin, Gennady, et al. “Comparative analysis of mouse hepcidin 1 and 2 genes: evidence for different patterns of expression and inducibility during iron overload 1.” FEBS Letters (2003); 542.1-3: 22-26. [cited by applicant]
Jackson, D.Y., “Alpha 4 integrin antagonists.” Current Pharmaceutical Design, (8)14: 1229-1253 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Janssen et al., “Comparison of a Monomeric and Dimeric Radiolabeled RGD-Peptide for Tumor Targeting”, Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, 17(6): 641-646 (2002). [cited by applicant]
Jordan, John B., et al., “Hepcidin revisited, disulfide connectivity, dynamics, and structure”, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2009); 284(36): 24155-24167. [cited by applicant]
Kelleman, A. et al., “Incorporation of thioether building blocks into an v3-specific RGD peptide: Synthesis and biological activity”, Biopolymers (Peptide Science), 71(6): 686-695 (2003). [cited by applicant]
Kitazume and Yamazaki, Experimental Methods in Organic Fluorine Chemistry, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1998, p. 9, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
Kluskens, L.D. et al., “Angiotensin-(1-7) with Thioether Bridge: An Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-Resistant, Potent Angiotensin-(1-7) Analog”, The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 328(3): 849-855 (… [cited by applicant]
Knudsen, Lotte B., et al. “Potent derivatives of glucagon-like peptide-1 with pharmacokinetic properties suitable for once daily administration.” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2000); 43.9: 1664-1669. [cited by applicant]
Krause, Alexander, et al. “LEAP 1, a novel highly disulfide bonded human peptide, exhibits antimicrobial activity.” FEBS Letters (2000); 480.2-3: 147-150. [cited by applicant]
Kuchař, et al., “Human interleukin-23 receptor antagonists derived from an albumin-binding domain scaffold inhibit IL-23-dependent ex vivo expansion of IL-17-producing T-cells”. Proteins (Jun. 2014); 82(6): 975-989. Epu… [cited by applicant]
Legge and Morieson, “On the prediction of partition coefficients and RF values of peptides.” Aust. J. Biol. Sci. (1964); 17: 561-571. [cited by applicant]
Ley, Klaus, et al. “Integrin-based therapeutics: biological basis, clinical use and new drugs.” Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2016); 15.3: 173-183. [cited by applicant]
Li and Roller, “Cyclization Strategies in Peptide Derived Drug Design.” Curr. Topics Med. Chem. (2002); 2: 325-341. [cited by applicant]
Liu and Wang, “Endomorphins: potential roles and therapeutic indications in the development of opioid peptide analgesic drugs”. Med Res Rev. (May 2012); 32(3): 536-580. Epub Feb. 1, 2011. [cited by applicant]
Liu, Shuang, “Radiolabeled Cyclic RGD Peptides as Integrin v3-Targeted Radiotracers: Maximizing Binding Affinity via Bivalency.” Bioconjugate Chem. (2009); 20 (12): 2199-2213. [cited by applicant]
Liu, Shuang, “Radiolabeled Multimeric Cyclic Rgd Peptides as Integrin Alphavbeta3 Targeted Radiotracers For Tumor Imaging” School of Health Science, Purdue University, Molecular Pharmaceuticals (2006); 3(5):472-487. [cited by applicant]
Longobardo, et al., “ß-Casomorphins: substitution of phenylalanine with ß-homo-phenylalanine increases the μ-type opioid receptor affinity.” Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2000); 10(11): 1185-1188. [cited by applicant]
Longobardo, et al., “Incorporation of ß-amino acids in bioactive peptides: a ß-casomorphin case study.” Peptides 2002, Abstract P A97, Proceedings of the European Peptide Symposium, 27th, Sorrento, Italy, Aug. 31-Sep. 6… [cited by applicant]
Madsen, Kjeld, et al. “Structure- activity and protraction relationship of long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 derivatives: importance of fatty acid length, polarity, and bulkiness.” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2007… [cited by applicant]
Maeda, et al., “Conjugates of anticancer agents and polymers: advantages of macromolecular therapeutics in vivo”. Bioconjugate Chem. (1992 Sep./Oct.); 3(5): 3511-362. [cited by applicant]
Maher, Sam et al., “Safety and efficacy of sodium caprate in promoting oral drug absorption: from in vitro to the clinic”. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Dec. 17, 2009; 61 (15): 1427-1449. Epub Oct. 1, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Maher, Sam et al., “Application of Permeation Enhancers in Oral Delivery of Macromolecules: An Update”. Pharmaceutics Jan. 19, 2019; 11 (1): 41,23 pages. [cited by applicant]
Makharia, Govind K., “Current and emerging therapy for celiac disease”, Frontiers in Medicine (Mar. 2014); vol. 1, Article 6, pp. 1-11. [cited by applicant]
Muheem, Abdul et al., “A review on the strategies for oral delivery of proteins and peptides and their clinical perspectives”. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal Jul. 2016; 24(4):413-428. Epub Jun. 16, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Muñoz, Manuel, et al. “Disorders of iron metabolism. Part II: iron deficiency and iron overload.” Journal of Clinical Pathology (2011); 64.4: 287-296. [cited by applicant]
NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_653302.2, “interleukin-23 receptor precursor [Homo sapiens]”, Feb. 8, 2023, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Nemeth, Elizabeta, et al., “The N-terminus of hepcidin is essential for its interaction with ferroportin: structure-function study”, Blood (2006); 107(1): 328-333. [cited by applicant]
Niederreiter, et al., “Anti-IL-12/23 in Crohn's Disease: Bench and Bedside.” Curr Drug Targets (Nov. 2013); 14(12): 1379-1384. [cited by applicant]
Park, C.H., et al., “Hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver.” J Biol Chem. (2001); 276(11): 7806-7810. Epub Dec. 11, 2000. [cited by applicant]
Parrow, et al., “Prospects for a hepcidin mimic to treat -thalassemia and hemochromatosis.” Expert Review of Hematology (2011); 4 (3): 233-235. [cited by applicant]
Pattarawarapan, “Selective Formation of Homo- and Heterobivalent Peptidomimetics.” J. Med. Chem. (Aug. 2003); 46 (17): 3565-3567. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2015/040658, International Search Report and Written Opinion, mailed Oct. 28, 2015, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2016/042680, International Search Report and Written Opinion, mailed Jan. 13, 2017, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2018/014257, International Search Report and Written Opinion, mailed May 14, 2018, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2019/041665, International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Dec. 19, 2019, 16 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2020/041409, International Search Report and Written Opinion, mailed Dec. 3, 2020, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2021/013463, International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Jun. 3, 2021, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2021/060183, International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Mar. 25, 2022, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Pelton, J.T. et al., “Somatostatin Analogs with Affinity for Opiate Receptors in Rat Brain Binding Assay”, Peptides, 6(Suppl 1): 159-163 (1985). [cited by applicant]
Preza, Gloria C., et al., “Minihepcidins are rationally designed small peptides that mimic hepcidin activity in mice and may be useful for the treatment of iron overload”, The Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011); 1… [cited by applicant]
Quiniou, et al., “Specific targeting of the IL-23 receptor, using a novel small peptide noncompetitive antagonist, decreases the inflammatory response”. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. (Nov. 15, 2014); 307(10): … [cited by applicant]
Ramos, E., et al., “Minihepcidins prevent iron overload in a hepcidin-deficient mouse model of severe hemochromatosis.” Blood (Nov. 2012); 120(18): 3829-3836. Epub Sep. 18, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Rivera, Seth, et al., “Synthetic hepcidin causes rapid dose-dependent hypoferremia and is concentrated in ferroportin-containing organs”, Blood (2005); 106: 2196-2199. [cited by applicant]
Rostovtsev, et al., “A Stepwise Huisgen Cycloaddition Process: Copper(I)Catalyzed Regioselective “Ligation” of Azides and Terminal Alkynes”. Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed. (Jul. 2, 2002); 41(14): 2596-2599. [cited by applicant]
Rubinstein and Niv, “Peptidic modulators of protein-protein interactions: Progress and challenges in computational design.” Biopolymers (2009); 91(7): 505-513. [cited by applicant]
Savvatis, et al., “Interleukin-23 Deficiency Leads to Impaired Wound Healing and Adverse Prognosis After Myocardial Infarction”, Circulation: Heart Failure, (2014); 7, 161-171. [cited by applicant]
Sasaki, et al., “D-Arg2-dermorphin tetrapeptide analogs: a potent and long-lasting analgesic activity after subcutaneous administration.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun. (1984); 120 (1): 214-218. [cited by applicant]
Shahidi, Neal, et al. “Vedolizumab for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.” Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy (2016); 16.1 : 129-135. [cited by applicant]
SID 24885660, National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Substance Database; SID=24885660, 5 pages. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/24885660, available date: Jul. 16, 2007, accessed Jul. 21, 2016. [cited by applicant]
Soler-Ferran and Briskin, “Integrin α4ß7 Antagonists: Activities, Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Prospects”, Current Immunology Reviews (2012), 8(2): 118-134. [cited by applicant]
Speers, et al., “Activity-Based Protein Profiling in Vivo Using a Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne [3 + 2] Cycloaddition”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (Mar. 28, 2003); 125(16): 4686-4687. [cited by applicant]
Tandara, Leida, and Salamunic, Ilza . “Iron metabolism: current facts and future directions.” Biochemia Medica (2012); 22.3: 311-328. [cited by applicant]
Temming, K. et al. “Rational Design of RGD-Albumin Conjugates for targeted Delivery of the VEGF-R Kinase Inhibitor PTK787 to Angiogenic Endothelium”, ChemMedChem, 1: pp. 1200-1203 (2006). [cited by applicant]
Thermo Electron Corporation, Technical Information, “N-terminal and C-terminal Amidation of Peptides”, 2 pages (2004). [cited by applicant]
Thumshirn, G. et al., “Multimeric Cyclic RGD Peptides as Potential Tools for Tumor Targeting: Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis and Chemoselective Oxime Ligation”, Chem. Eur. J., 9: 2717-2725 (2003). [cited by applicant]
TornØe, et al., “Peptidotriazoles on solid phase: [1,2,3]-triazoles by regiospecific copper(i)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of terminal alkynes to azides.” J Org Chem. (May 3, 2002); 67(9): 3057-3064. [cited by applicant]
Tsukada, et al., “An Anti-a-Fetoprotein Antibody-Daunorubicin Conjugate With a Novel Poly-L-glutamic Acid Derivative as Intermediate Drug Carrier ”. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (Sep. 1984); 73(3): 721-729. [cited by applicant]
Tuvia, et al., “A Novel Suspension Formulation Enhances Intestinal Absorption of Macromolecules Via Transient and Reversible Transport Mechanisms”. Pharm Res. (Feb. 21, 2014); 31(8): 2010-2021. [cited by applicant]
Wang, et al., “Bioconjugation by Copper(I)-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne [3 + 2] Cycloaddition”. J Am Chem Soc. (Mar. 19, 2003); 125(11): 3192-3193. [cited by applicant]
White and Yudin, “Contemporary strategies for peptide macrocyclization.” Nat Chem (Jun. 2011); 3(7): 509-524. [cited by applicant]
Witt, Dariusz, “Recent developments in disulfide bond formation”. Synthesis (2008); 16: 2491-2509. [cited by applicant]
Xie, Youmei et al., “Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Loop 4 Dimeric Mimetics Activate ERK and AKT and Promote NGF-like Neurotrophic Effects”, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275(38): 29868-29874 (2000). [cited by applicant]
Yampolsky and Stoltzfus, “The Exchangeability of Amino Acids in Proteins”, Genetics (Aug. 2005); 170(4): 1459-1472. Epub Jun. 8, 2005. [cited by applicant]
Yu and Gallagher, “A Naturally Occurring, Soluble Antagonist of Human IL-23 Inhibits the Development and In Vitro Function of Human Th17 Cells”, The Journal of Immunology (2010); 185: 7302-7308. [cited by applicant]
Zalipsky, Samuel, “Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycols) for Preparation of Biologically Relevant Conjugates”. Bioconjugate Chem. (1995); 6(2): 150-165. [cited by applicant]
IUPAC Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry and IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, “Nomenclature of α-Amino Acids (Recommendations, 1974),” Biochemistry, 14(2):449-462 (1975). [cited by applicant]