IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,482,378
Granted Patent B2
US 12,482,378 · App. 18/520,973 · Granted Nov 25, 2025

Simulated abdominal wall

Inventors: Gregory K. Hofstetter (Rancho Santa Margarita, CA); Tracy Breslin (Trabuco Canyon, CA); Joel B. Velasco (Rancho Santa Margarita, CA)
Assignee: Applied Medical Resources Corporation
G09B23/285G09B23/30
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,482,378
App. No.
18/520,973
Granted
Nov 25, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

A simulated abdominal wall for laparoscopic surgical training and methods of making the wall are provided. The simulated abdominal wall is dome-shaped having a visual appearance of an insufflated abdomen. The wall is strong enough to withstand penetration with surgical trocars without unrealistic buckling or deformation. The wall is supported by a perimeter frame without any support structures traversing the wall that would interfere with port placement. The wall includes multiple layers connected together to form a unitary wall to fit a laparoscopic trainer. In one method, a projection of a dome is cut from a flat layer of foam material and assembled within a mold cavity. Consecutive layers with the same or different projection pattern are laid up inside the mold cavity. Alternatively, a vacuum mold together with heat is used to deform each foam layer. Adhesive is applied between layers to simultaneously join the adjacent layers upon deformation.

Claims (31)

1 . A surgical training system, comprising:

a base;

a top cover connected to and spaced apart from the base to define an internal cavity; the top cover including an opening;

a frame removably connected to the top cover in the location of the opening; and

a simulated abdominal wall connected to the frame and spanning at least part of the opening; wherein the simulated abdominal wall comprises a plurality of dome-shaped layers forming a unitary dome body; the unitary dome body having a convex surface and a concave surface facing the internal cavity,

wherein the frame includes an angled channel formed between a top frame and a bottom frame; the angled channel being sized and configured to receive a perimeter of the simulated abdominal wall and to compress the simulated abdominal wall.

2 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the frame comprises a two-piece system having the top frame and the bottom frame; the top and bottom frames being joined together with the simulated abdominal wall located therebetween.

3 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the frame includes protrusions spaced around either or both of the top and bottom frames to secure the simulated abdominal wall to the frame.

4 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the frame is polygonal in shape and the unitary dome body is a hemisphere.

5 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the simulated abdominal wall is penetrable by a surgical trocar.

6 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the simulated abdominal wall further comprises at least one insert disposed between two adjacent layers from the plurality of dome-shaped layers; the at least one insert being made of rigid plastic or soft plastic.

7 . The surgical training system of claim 6 wherein the at least one insert replicates anatomical structure of increased rigidity relative to the plurality of dome-shaped layers when made from rigid plastic; the at least one insert representing cartilage, muscle, bones, or tumors.

8 . The surgical training system of claim 6 wherein the at least one insert replicates anatomical structure of decreased rigidity relative to the plurality of dome-shaped layers when made from soft silicone; the at least one insert representing blood vessels or nerves.

9 . The surgical training device of claim 1 wherein adjacent layers of the plurality of dome-shaped layers are nested inside one another.

10 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the unitary dome body is formed by bonding inner and outer surfaces of adjacent layers of the plurality of dome-shaped layers using adhesive.

11 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the convex surface of the unitary dome body is curved in at least two directions; the convex surface having a curvature formed using a bent lamination mechanism where the plurality of domed-shaped layers are successively glued together.

12 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the convex surface of the unitary dome body comprises a skin dome-shaped layer; the skin dome-shaped layer being formed from a planar skin layer comprising a planar layer of silicone cured onto a planar layer of foam, such that the silicone adheres to the foam.

13 . The surgical training system of claim 12 wherein the planar skin layer is deformed into the skin dome-shaped layer by exposure to heat in a vacuum plenum or mold; the skin dome-shaped layer having an inner surface made of foam and an outer surface made of cured silicone.

14 . The surgical training system of claim 13 wherein the inner surface of the skin dome-shaped layer is adhered to an outer surface of a topmost layer of the plurality of domed-shaped layers using adhesive.

15 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of dome-shaped layers are formed from a plurality of planar cutouts of domed projections; the plurality of planar cutouts of domed projections being made of foam.

16 . The surgical training system of claim 15 wherein each of the plurality planar cutouts of domed projections is assembled into a dome having seams; the seams being defined by joining edges of each planar cutout of domed projection.

17 . The surgical training system of claim 15 wherein the plurality of planar cutouts of domed projections are of at least one or more different domed projections.

18 . The surgical training system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of dome-shaped layers are formed from a plurality of convex foam sheets; each of the plurality of convex foam sheets is formed from one flat foam sheet deformed by exposure to heat in a vacuum plenum or mold.

19 . A surgical training system, comprising:

a base;

a top cover connected to and spaced apart from the base to define an internal cavity; the top cover including an opening;

a frame removably connected to the top cover in the location of the opening; and

a simulated abdominal wall connected to the frame and spanning at least part of the opening; wherein the simulated abdominal wall comprises a plurality of dome-shaped layers forming a unitary dome body; the unitary dome body having a convex surface and a concave surface facing the internal cavity, wherein:

the frame includes an angled channel sized and configured to receive a perimeter of the simulated abdominal wall and to compress the simulated abdominal wall, and

the angled channel is angled from a vertical axis toward a center of the simulated abdominal wall and follows a contour of the convex surface of the unitary dome body.

20 . The surgical training system of claim 19 wherein the frame comprises a two-piece system having a top frame and a bottom frame; the top and bottom frames being joined together with the simulated abdominal wall located therebetween; wherein the angled channel is formed between the top frame and the bottom frame.

Assignments (1)
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Feb 28, 2024
From: APPLIED MEDICAL RESOURCES CORPORATION
To: BMO BANK N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
Reel/Frame 066702/0123 →
Continuity (5)
Continuation 17474534 · Sep 14, 2021
Continuation 16018361 · Jun 26, 2018
Continuation PCTUS2017039113 · Jun 23, 2017
Provisional Application 62355170 · Jun 27, 2016
Related Publication 20240096238A1 · Mar 21, 2024
References Cited (400)
US 184573A · Becker · 1876 [cited by applicant]
US 2127774A · Jacobs · 1938 [cited by applicant]
US 2284888A · Arneil, Jr. · 1942 [cited by applicant]
US 2324702A · Hoffman et al. · 1943 [cited by applicant]
US 2345489A · Lord · 1944 [cited by applicant]
US 2495568A · Coel · 1950 [cited by applicant]
US 3766666A · Stroop · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3775865A · Rowan · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3789518A · Chase · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3921311A · Beasley et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3991490A · Markman · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 4001951A · Fasse · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4001952A · Kleppinger · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4321047A · Landis · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4323350A · Bowden, Jr. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4332569A · Burbank · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4371345A · Palmer et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4386917A · Forrest · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4459113A · Boscaro Gatti et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4481001A · Graham et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4596528A · Lewis et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4726772A · Amplatz · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4737109A · Abramson · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4789340A · Zikria · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4832978A · Lesser · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4867686A · Goldstein · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4907973A · Hon · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4938696A · Foster et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4940412A · Blumenthal · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5061187A · Jerath · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5083962A · Pracas · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5104328A · Lounsbury · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5149270A · McKeown · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5180308A · Garito et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5230630A · Burgett · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5273435A · Jacobson · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5295694A · Levin · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5310348A · Miller · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5318448A · Garito et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5320537A · Watson · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5358408A · Medina · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5368487A · Medina · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5380207A · Siepser · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5403191A · Tuason · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5425644A · Szinicz · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5425731A · Daniel et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5472345A · Eggert · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5518406A · Waters · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5518407A · Greenfield et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5520633A · Costin · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5541304A · Thompson · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5620326A · Younker · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5720742A · Zacharias · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5722836A · Younker · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5727948A · Jordan · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5743730A · Clester et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5762458A · Wang et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5769640A · Jacobus et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5775916A · Cooper et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5785531A · Leung · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5800178A · Gillio · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5803746A · Barrie et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5807378A · Jensen et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5810880A · Jensen et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5814038A · Jensen et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5850033A · Mirzeabasov et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5855583A · Wang et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5873732A · Hasson · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5873863A · Komlosi · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5908302A · Goldfarb · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5947743A · Hasson · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5951301A · Younker · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6080181A · Jensen et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6083008A · Yamada et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6113395A · Hon · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6234804B1 · Yong · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6271278B1 · Park et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6336812B1 · Cooper et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6398557B1 · Hoballah · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6413264B1 · Jensen et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6474993B1 · Grund et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6485308B1 · Goldstein · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6488507B1 · Stoloff et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6497902B1 · Ma · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6511325B1 · Lalka et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6517354B1 · Levy · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6568941B1 · Goldstein · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6589057B1 · Keenan et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6620174B2 · Jensen et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6654000B2 · Rosenberg · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6659776B1 · Aumann et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6773263B2 · Nicholls et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6780016B1 · Toly · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6817973B2 · Merril et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6820025B2 · Bachmann et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6854976B1 · Suhr · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6857878B1 · Chosack et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6863536B1 · Fisher et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6866514B2 · Von Roeschlaub et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6887082B2 · Shun · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6929481B1 · Alexander et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6939138B2 · Chosack et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6950025B1 · Nguyen · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6960617B2 · Omidian et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6997719B2 · Wellman et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7008232B2 · Brassel · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7018327B1 · Conti · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7025064B2 · Wang et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7056123B2 · Gregorio et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7080984B1 · Cohen · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7118582B1 · Wang et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7255565B2 · Keegan · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7269532B2 · David et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7272766B2 · Sakezles · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7300450B2 · Vleugels et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7364582B2 · Lee · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7404716B2 · Gregorio et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7419376B2 · Sarvazyan et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7427199B2 · Sakezles · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7431189B2 · Shelton, IV et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7441684B2 · Shelton, IV et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7465168B2 · Allen et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7467075B2 · Humphries et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7544062B1 · Hauschild et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7549866B2 · Cohen et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7553159B1 · Arnal et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7575434B2 · Palakodeti · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7594815B2 · Toly · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7621749B2 · Munday · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7646901B2 · Murphy et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7648367B1 · Makower et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7648513B2 · Green et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7651332B2 · Dupuis et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7677897B2 · Sakezles · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7775916B1 · Mahoney · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7780451B2 · Willobee et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7802990B2 · Korndorffer et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7803151B2 · Whitman · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7806696B2 · Alexander et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7819799B2 · Merril et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7833018B2 · Alexander et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7837473B2 · Koh · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7850454B2 · Toly · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7850456B2 · Chosack et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7854612B2 · Frassica et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7857626B2 · Toly · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7866983B2 · Hemphill et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7931470B2 · Alexander et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7931471B2 · Senagore et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7988992B2 · Omidian et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7993140B2 · Sakezles · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7997903B2 · Hasson et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8007281B2 · Toly · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8007282B2 · Gregorio et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8016818B2 · Ellis et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8017107B2 · Thomas et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8021162B2 · Sui · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8048088B2 · Green et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8083691B2 · Goldenberg et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8116847B2 · Gattani et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8137110B2 · Sakezles · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8157145B2 · Shelton, IV et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8197464B2 · Krever et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8205779B2 · Ma et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8221129B2 · Parry et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8297982B2 · Park et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8308817B2 · Egilsson et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8323028B2 · Matanhelia · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8323029B2 · Toly · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8328560B2 · Niblock et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8342851B1 · Speeg et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8403674B2 · Feygin et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8403675B2 · Stoianovici et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8403676B2 · Frassica et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8408920B2 · Speller · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8425234B2 · Sakezles · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8439687B1 · Morriss et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8442621B2 · Gorek et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8454368B2 · Ault et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8459094B2 · Yanni · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8459520B2 · Giordano et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8460002B2 · Wang et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8465771B2 · Wan et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8469715B2 · Ambrozio · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8469716B2 · Fedotov et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8480407B2 · Campbell et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8480408B2 · Ishii et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8491309B2 · Parry et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8500753B2 · Green et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8512044B2 · Sakezles · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8517243B2 · Giordano et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8521252B2 · Diez · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8535062B2 · Nguyen · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8544711B2 · Ma et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8556635B2 · Toly · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8608483B2 · Trotta et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8613621B2 · Henderickson et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8636520B2 · Iwasaki et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US D699297S · Bahsoun et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8641423B2 · Gumkowski · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8647125B2 · Johns et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8678831B2 · Trotta et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8679279B2 · Thompson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8696363B2 · Gray et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8708213B2 · Shelton, IV et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8708707B2 · Hendrickson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8764449B2 · Rios et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8764452B2 · Pravong et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8800839B2 · Beetel · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8801437B2 · Mousques · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8801438B2 · Sakezles · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8807414B2 · Ross et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8808004B2 · Misawa et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8808311B2 · Heinrich et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8814573B2 · Nguyen · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8827988B2 · Belson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8840628B2 · Green et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8870576B2 · Millon et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8888498B2 · Bisaillon et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8893946B2 · Boudreaux et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8911238B2 · Forsythe · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8915742B2 · Hendrickson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8945095B2 · Blumenkranz et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8961190B2 · Hart et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8966954B2 · Ni et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 8968003B2 · Hendrickson et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9008989B2 · Wilson et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9017080B1 · Placik · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9026247B2 · White · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9050201B2 · Egilsson et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9056126B2 · Hersel et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9070306B2 · Rappel et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9087458B2 · Shim et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9096744B2 · Wan et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9117377B2 · Shim et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9119572B2 · Gorek et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9123261B2 · Lowe · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9129054B2 · Nawana et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9196176B2 · Hager et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9226799B2 · Lightcap et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9257055B2 · Endo et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9265587B2 · Vancamberg et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9295468B2 · Heinrich et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9336694B2 · Shim et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9351714B2 · Ross et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9358682B2 · Ruiz Morales · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9364224B2 · Nicholas et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9364279B2 · Houser et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9370361B2 · Viola et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9373270B2 · Miyazaki · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9387276B2 · Sun et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9427496B2 · Sun et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9439649B2 · Shelton, IV et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9439733B2 · Ha et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9449532B2 · Black et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9468438B2 · Baber et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20010019818A1 · Yong · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020168619A1 · Provenza · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030031993A1 · Pugh · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030091967A1 · Chosack et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030176770A1 · Merril et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040005423A1 · Dalton et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040126746A1 · Toly · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040248072A1 · Gray et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050008997A1 · Herman · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050026125A1 · Toly · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050064378A1 · Toly · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050084833A1 · Lacey et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050131390A1 · Heinrich et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050142525A1 · Cotin et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050192595A1 · Green et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050196739A1 · Moriyama · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050196740A1 · Moriyama · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050214727A1 · Stoianovici et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060046235A1 · Alexander et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060252019A1 · Burkitt et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060275741A1 · Chewning et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070074584A1 · Talarico et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070077544A1 · Lemperle et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070078484A1 · Talarico et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070148626A1 · Ikeda · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070166682A1 · Yarin et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070197895A1 · Nycz et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070225734A1 · Bell et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070275359A1 · Rotnes et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080032272A1 · Palakodeti · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080032273A1 · Macnamara et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080052034A1 · David et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080064017A1 · Grundmeyer, III · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080076101A1 · Hyde et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080097501A1 · Blier · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080108869A1 · Sanders et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080187895A1 · Sakezles · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080188948A1 · Flatt · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080299529A1 · Schaller · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080317818A1 · Griffith et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090068627A1 · Toly · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090069122A1 · Laliberty · 2009 [cited by examiner]
US 20090142739A1 · Wang et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090142741A1 · Ault et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090143642A1 · Takahashi et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090176196A1 · Niblock et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090187079A1 · Albrecht et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090246747A1 · Buckman, Jr. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090298034A1 · Parry et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090314550A1 · Layton · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100047752A1 · Chan et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100094312A1 · Ruiz Morales et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100099067A1 · Agro · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100167248A1 · Ryan · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100167249A1 · Ryan · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100167250A1 · Ryan et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100167253A1 · Ryan et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100167254A1 · Nguyen · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100196867A1 · Geerligs et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100204713A1 · Ruiz Morales · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100209899A1 · Park et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100248200A1 · Ladak · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100258611A1 · Smith et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100273136A1 · Kandasami et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100279263A1 · Duryea · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100285094A1 · Gupta · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100324541A1 · Whitman · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110020779A1 · Hannaford et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110046637A1 · Patel et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110046659A1 · Ramstein et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110087238A1 · Wang et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110091855A1 · Miyazaki · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110137337A1 · van den Dool et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110200976A1 · Hou et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110207104A1 · Trotta · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110218550A1 · Ma · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110244436A1 · Campo · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110269109A2 · Miyazaki · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110281251A1 · Mousques · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110301620A1 · Di Betta et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120003621A1 · Segall · 2012 [cited by examiner]
US 20120015337A1 · Hendrickson et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120015339A1 · Hendrickson et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120016362A1 · Heinrich et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120028231A1 · Misawa et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120034587A1 · Toly · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120045743A1 · Okano et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120065632A1 · Shadduck · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120082970A1 · Pravong et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120100217A1 · Green et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120115117A1 · Marshall · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120115118A1 · Marshall · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120116391A1 · Houser et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120148994A1 · Hori et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120164616A1 · Endo et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120165866A1 · Kaiser et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120172873A1 · Artale et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120179072A1 · Kegreiss · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120202179A1 · Fedotov · 2012 [cited by examiner]
US 20120202180A1 · Stock et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120264096A1 · Taylor et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120264097A1 · Newcott et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120282583A1 · Thaler et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120282584A1 · Millon et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120283707A1 · Giordano et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120288839A1 · Crabtree · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120308977A1 · Tortola · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130087597A1 · Shelton, IV et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130101973A1 · Hoke et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130105552A1 · Weir et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130116668A1 · Shelton, IV et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130157240A1 · Hart et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130171288A1 · Harders · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130177890A1 · Sakezles · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130192741A1 · Trotta et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130218166A1 · Elmore · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130224709A1 · Riojas et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130225332A1 · Yeh · 2013 [cited by examiner]
US 20130245681A1 · Straehnz et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130253480A1 · Kimball et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130267876A1 · Leckenby et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130282038A1 · Dannaher et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130288216A1 · Parry, Jr. et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130302771A1 · Alderete · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130324991A1 · Clem et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130324999A1 · Price et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140011172A1 · Lowe · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140017651A1 · Sugimoto et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140030682A1 · Thilenius · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140038151A1 · Hart · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140051049A1 · Jarc et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140072941A1 · Hendrickson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140087345A1 · Breslin et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140087346A1 · Breslin et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140087347A1 · Tracy et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140087348A1 · Tracy et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140088413A1 · Von Bucsh et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140093852A1 · Poulsen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140093854A1 · Poulsen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140099858A1 · Hernandez · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140106328A1 · Loor · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140107471A1 · Haider et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140156002A1 · Thompson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140162016A1 · Matsui et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]