Methods of forming laser-induced attributes on glass-based substrates using mid-IR laser
Methods of making a glass-based article including a surface feature thereon. Methods include arranging a glass-based substrate relative to a laser. Methods also include irradiating the glass-based substrate with laser beam with a light wavelength from about 2500 nm to about 3000 nm to grow a surface feature thereon.
1 . A method of forming a feature on a glass-based article, the method comprising:
arranging a transparent glass-based substrate relative to a laser, the transparent glass-based substrate comprising a hydroxyl concentration within its composition of at least 100 ppm;
directing a laser beam comprising a light wavelength from about 2500 nm to about 3000 nm from the laser to contact the transparent glass-based substrate; and
moving the laser beam along a surface of the transparent glass-based substrate;
wherein the transparent glass-based substrate absorbs light from the laser beam in an amount sufficient to heat and grow a glass feature from the transparent glass-based substrate;
wherein the transparent glass-based substrate comprises an iron ion concentration of less than about 1.0 wt. %.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate is essentially free of a transition metal ion concentration.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate comprises an iron ion concentration of less than about 0.5 wt. %.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate absorbs 20% or more of light from the laser beam.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass feature grows on a surface of the transparent glass-based substrate proximate the laser beam from the laser.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said method further comprises terminating contact of the laser beam and the transparent glass-based substrate.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate comprises a soda-lime glass, an aluminosilicate glass, an alkali-aluminosilicate glass, a borosilicate glass, an alkali-borosilicate glass, an aluminoborosilicate glass, an alkali-aluminoborosilicate glass, or a fused silica glass.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydroxyl concentration is greater than about 300 ppm.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass feature is a bump, a ridge, or a protrusion on the glass-based substrate.
10 . A method of forming a glass-based feature on a glass-based article, the method comprising:
positioning a transparent glass-based substrate relative to a laser;
irradiating a surface of the transparent glass-based substrate with a laser beam from the laser, the laser beam including a light wavelength predetermined to coincide with the absorbance by a hydroxyl concentration within the transparent glass-based substrate; and
moving the laser beam across the surface by adjusting a lens between the laser and the glass-based substrate;
wherein:
the laser beam comprises a light wavelength from about 2500 nm to about 3000 nm;
the transparent glass-based substrate absorbs light from the laser beam in an amount sufficient to heat and grow a transparent glass surface feature from the transparent glass-based substrate; and
the transparent glass-based substance comprises a transition metal ion concentration of less than about 1.0 wt. %.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the transparent glass surface feature is grown on the irradiated surface of the transparent glass-based substrate.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate is fused silica and the hydroxyl concentration is greater than about 300 ppm.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate comprises a soda-lime glass, an aluminosilicate glass, an alkali-aluminosilicate glass, a borosilicate glass, an alkali-borosilicate glass, an aluminoborosilicate glass, or an alkali-aluminoborosilicate glass.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate is essentially free of a transition metal ion concentration.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate comprises an iron ion concentration of less than about 0.5 wt. %.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate absorbs about 30% or more of light from the laser beam.
17 . The method of claim 10 , said method further comprises terminating irradiation of the surface of the transparent glass-based substrate with the laser beam.
18 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the transparent glass-based substrate comprises a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) from about 0.1×10 −6 ° C. −1 to about 10×10 −6 ° C. −1 (at about 25° C. to about 400° C.).
19 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the transparent glass surface feature is a protrusion or a ridge on the transparent glass-based substrate surface.
20 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the transparent glass surface feature has a height of about 0.01 micrometers to about 500 micrometers on the transparent glass-based substrate surface.
21 . A method of forming a feature on a glass-based article, the method comprising:
arranging a transparent glass-based substrate relative to a laser, the transparent glass-based substrate comprising a hydroxyl concentration; and
directing a laser beam comprising a light wavelength from the laser to contact the transparent glass-based substrate;
wherein:
the transparent glass-based substrate absorbs light from the laser beam in an amount sufficient to heat and grow a glass feature from the transparent glass-based substrate; and
the light wavelength is predetermined to coincide with the absorbance by the hydroxyl concentration.