Conductor systems for suspended or underground transmission lines
A conductor assembly for transmitting power includes a former that defines a shape, a superconductor material disposed around the former, and a thermally insulating jacket (TIJ) disposed around and spaced apart from the superconductor material. An outer surface of the superconductor material and an inner surface of the TIJ can define an annulus through which a coolant can flow. The conductor assembly can also include an external layer, disposed around an outside surface of the TIJ, to provide structural support to the conductor assembly. The conductor assembly can also include an electrical insulation layer disposed around the outside surface of the TIJ or around the superconductor material.
1 . An apparatus, comprising:
a former having a hollow interior configured to transport a coolant, the former including a plurality of orifices configured to allow passage of the coolant;
a superconductor material disposed around an exterior of the former; and
an external layer disposed around and spaced apart from the superconductor material to define an annulus, the annulus configured to transport a portion of the coolant between the superconductor material and the external layer.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a pressure of the coolant inside the former is greater than a pressure of the portion of the coolant within the annulus.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the external layer includes plurality of orifices configured to allow egress of the coolant.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the external layer includes a thermal insulating jacket.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a thermal insulating jacket disposed outside the external layer.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
an electrical insulation layer disposed around the superconductor material, the annulus disposed between the electrical insulation layer and the external layer.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the superconductor material includes a plurality of superconductor-containing members disposed on and around the former such that the plurality of superconductor-containing members conforms to a shape of the former.
8 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the former is a structural member configured to bear tensile force incident upon the apparatus when suspended from a plurality of poles.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the external layer includes a dielectric layer.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
electrical insulation disposed outside the external layer.
11 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the coolant includes at least one of liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid natural gas, or liquid air.
12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the external layer includes a non-superconducting electrically conductive layer, the apparatus further comprising:
an electrically insulating layer disposed around the non-superconducting electrically conductive layer.
13 . An apparatus, comprising:
a former having a hollow interior and configured to transport a coolant;
a superconductor material disposed around an exterior of the former, the former including a plurality of orifices configured to allow passage of the coolant; and
a thermal insulating jacket disposed around and spaced apart from the superconductor material to define an annulus, the annulus configured to transport a portion of the coolant between the superconductor material and the thermal insulating jacket.
14 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein at least a portion of the thermal insulating jacket electrically coupled to the superconductor material.
15 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the thermal insulating jacket is grounded and electrically isolated from the superconductor material.
16 . The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising electrical insulation disposed inside the thermal insulating jacket.
17 . The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising electrical insulation disposed outside at least a portion of the thermal insulating jacket.
18 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the superconductor material includes a plurality of superconductor-containing members disposed on and around the former such that the plurality of superconductor-containing members conforms to a shape of the former.
19 . The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the coolant includes at least one of liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid natural gas, or liquid air.
20 . An apparatus, comprising:
a former having a hollow interior configured to transport a coolant in a first direction;
a superconductor material disposed around an exterior of the former; and
an external layer disposed around and spaced apart from the superconductor material to define an annulus, the annulus configured to transport a portion of the coolant between the superconductor material and the external layer in a second direction, wherein the second direction is same as the first direction, and wherein the former includes a plurality of orifices configured to allow passage of the coolant into the annulus.
21 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the external layer includes a thermal insulating jacket.
22 . The apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising:
a thermal insulating jacket disposed outside the external layer.
23 . The apparatus of claim 20 , further comprising:
an electrical insulation layer disposed around the superconductor material, the annulus disposed between the electrical insulation layer and the external layer.
24 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the superconductor material includes a plurality of superconductor-containing members disposed on and around the former such that the plurality of superconductor-containing members conforms to a shape of the former.
25 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the external layer includes a dielectric layer.