System to convey a fluid
A system to convey a fluid, in particular a fluid containing hydrocarbons, has a first pipeline, which is made of an electrically conductive material and has an internal diameter; a second pipeline, which is made of an electrically conductive material, has an external diameter smaller than the internal diameter, and is placed inside the first pipeline at a distance from the first pipeline so as to form an annular gap between the first and second pipeline; an electrically conductive layer placed in the annular gap at a distance from the first pipeline; an electrically insulating layer placed between the second pipeline and the electrically conductive layer; and a power source to apply an electrical potential difference between the second pipeline and the electrically conductive layer.
1 . A system to convey a fluid, the system comprising:
a first pipeline made of an electrically conductive material and having an internal diameter;
a second pipeline made of an electrically conductive material and having an external diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the first pipeline, the second pipeline being positioned inside the first pipeline at a distance from the first pipeline to define an annular gap between the first pipeline and the second pipeline;
an electrically conductive layer positioned in the annular gap at a distance from the first pipeline, the electrically conductive layer being in electrical contact with the first pipeline;
an electrically insulating layer positioned between the second pipeline and the electrically conductive layer; and
a power source configured to apply an electrical potential difference between the second pipeline and the electrically conductive layer.
2 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a thermally insulating layer positioned in the annular gap and around the second pipeline.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the thermally insulating layer coats the electrically conductive layer.
4 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the thermal insulating layer coats the electrically insulating layer.
5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the electrically conductive layer coats the thermally insulating layer.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrically insulating layer coats an outer surface of the second pipeline.
7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the electrically conductive layer coats the electrically insulating layer.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the power source comprises a voltage generator.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive layer comprises a plurality of electrically conductive sheets longitudinally positioned side-by-side in the annular gap between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, the electrically conductive sheets being coupled together by at least one of: welding, brazing, partially overlapping, and electrically conductive connecting elements.
10 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of first pipes joined together at respective opposite ends by first welding seams to form the first pipeline;
a plurality of second pipes joined together at respective opposite ends by second welding seams to form the second pipeline; and
a connecting element made of an electrically conductive material and arranged at each second welding seam, the connecting element being configured to electrically connect two electrically conductive sheets arranged at opposite sides with respect to the second welding seam.
11 . The system of claim 10 , wherein each connecting element is in contact with two electrically conductive sheets arranged at opposite sides with respect to the second welding seam.
12 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising at least two connecting elements, each of the at least two connecting elements being in contact with a respective electrically conductive sheet and with the first pipeline.
13 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising a sleeve wrapped around the second welding seam and free ends of two adjacent pipes.
14 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of annular spacers arranged between the first pipeline and the second pipeline to space the first pipeline and the second pipeline.
15 . The system of claim 14 , wherein each annular spacer is positioned between the electrically conductive layer and the first pipeline.
16 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of annular shear stops positioned between the first pipeline and the second pipeline and configured to limit relative longitudinal displacement between the first pipeline and the second pipeline.
17 . The system of claim 16 , wherein each annular shear stop breaks a continuity of the electrically conductive layer and the system further comprises a plurality of connecting elements connected to the electrically conductive layer and to the first pipeline at opposite sides of each annular shear stop.
18 . The system of claim 16 , wherein each annular shear stop defines a plurality of openings to corresponding to a continuity of the annular gap along a longitudinal axis of the first pipeline and the second pipeline.
19 . The system of claim 16 , wherein each annular shear stop has a plurality of portions arranged in support on the electrically conductive layer.