IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,698,233
Granted Patent B2
US 12,698,233 · App. 17/696,783 · Granted Aug 4, 2026

Counter electrode for electrochromic devices

Inventors: Dane Thomas Gillaspie (Fremont, CA); Sridhar Karthik Kailasam (Fremont, CA); Robert T. Rozbicki (Saratoga, CA)
Assignee: View Operating Corporation
C03C17/3417B23K20/10C23C10/28C23C14/083C23C14/085C23C14/185C23C14/3407C23C14/568C23C14/5806C23C14/5853G02F1/1524C03C2217/94
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,698,233
App. No.
17/696,783
Filed
Mar 16, 2022
Granted
Aug 4, 2026
Kind
B2
Art Unit
2872
USPC
359/265
Abstract

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include a heterogeneous structure, for example a heterogeneous composition and/or morphology. Such heterogeneous anodically coloring layers can be used to better tune the properties of a device.

Claims (25)

1 . A method of fabricating an electrochromic stack, the method comprising:

depositing a first electrochromic (EC) sublayer of an EC layer comprising a cathodically tinting electrochromic material;

depositing a second EC sublayer of the EC layer; and

depositing a counter electrode (CE) layer;

wherein the CE layer consists of a single layer with a composition gradient increasing in a direction away from the EC layer, thereby enabling controlled release of ions from different depths within the CE layer based on applied voltage.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first EC sublayer, the second EC sublayer, and the CE layer are deposited in an integrated deposition system including only one lithiation station.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein each EC sublayer comprises a cathodically coloring electrochromic material.

4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the cathodically coloring electrochromic material comprises tungsten oxide.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein one sublayer of the first and second EC sublayers is oxygen rich compared to the other sublayer of the first and second EC sublayer, the oxygen rich sublayer being proximal to the CE layer.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first or second EC sublayer is a flash layer not thicker than 100 nm.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the CE layer comprises an anodically coloring electrochromic material.

8 . The method of claim 7 wherein the anodically coloring electrochromic material comprises a nickel tungsten oxide composition.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein depositing a CE layer comprises depositing the CE layer using a CE target.

10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the CE target is a ceramic target.

11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ceramic target comprises a nickel tungsten oxide composition.

12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ceramic target comprises lithium.

13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the ceramic target comprises a lithium nickel tungsten tantalum oxide composition.

14 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the electrochromic stack.

15 . The method of claim 1 wherein depositing the CE layer comprises sputtering with differential oxygen concentrations to form a morphology gradient in the CE layer.

16 . The method of claim 1 wherein the CE layer comprises NiWO between about 150 nm and about 300 nm thick.

17 . The method of claim 16 wherein the NiWO is substantially amorphous.

18 . The method of claim 1 further comprising sputtering lithium onto the CE layer until the CE layer is substantially bleached.

19 . The method of claim 18 further comprising sputtering an additional amount of lithium, between about 5% and about 15% excess based on the quantity required to bleach the CE layer, onto the CE layer.

20 . The method of claim 18 wherein a morphology of the CE layer varies from crystalline to amorphous.

21 . The method of claim 1 wherein the CE layer consists of a single layer with both a composition gradient and a morphology gradient.

Assignments (3)
MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME Recorded Dec 19, 2024
From: VIEW, INC.; PVMS MERGER SUB, INC.; VIEW OPERATING CORPORATION
To: VIEW OPERATING CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 069743/0586 →
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Oct 17, 2023
From: VIEW, INC.
To: CANTOR FITZGERALD SECURITIES
Reel/Frame 065266/0810 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 26, 2022
From: GILLASPIE, DANE; KAILASAM, SRIDHAR K.; ROZBICKI, ROBERT T.
To: VIEW, INC.
Reel/Frame 060032/0524 →
Continuity (18)
Continuation 16721655 · Dec 19, 2019
Continuation 15204868 · Jul 7, 2016
Continuation In Part PCTUS2015061995 · Nov 20, 2015
Continuation In Part 14885734 · Oct 16, 2015
Continuation In Part 14683541 · Apr 10, 2015
Continuation 14601141 · Jan 20, 2015
Continuation 13763505 · Feb 8, 2013
Continuation In Part PCTUS2012057606 · Sep 27, 2012
Continuation 13462725 · May 2, 2012
Continuation In Part 12814277 · Jun 11, 2010
Continuation In Part 12814279 · Jun 11, 2010
Continuation In Part 12772055 · Apr 30, 2010
Continuation In Part 12645111 · Dec 22, 2009
Provisional Application 62192443 · Jul 14, 2015
Provisional Application 62085096 · Nov 26, 2014
Provisional Application 61541999 · Sep 30, 2011
Provisional Application 61165484 · Mar 31, 2009
Related Publication 20220204398A1 · Jun 30, 2022
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