Hood assembly utilizing active materials based mechanisms
An active material hood impact mitigation mechanism is activated in response to a signal generated from an impact sensor or pre-impact sensor or manually. The mitigation mechanism is capable of changing either reversibly or irreversibly the stiffness, shape, location, orientation, or displacement force of the hood either globally or locally, before an impact against the hood. The active material mitigation mechanism is held in a device designed to be installed in operative communication with the hood surface. The active material is characterized by a first shape or stiffness and is operative to change to a second shape or stiffness in response to the activation signal. Such active materials include shape memory alloys, electroactive polymers, shape memory polymers, magnetic shape memory alloys, magnetorheological fluids, magnetorheological elastomers, electrorheological fluids, and piezoelectric materials.
1. A vehicle, comprising:
a hood;
an underhood component;
an active material based pad including a lower plate in mechanical communication with the underhood component, an upper plate in mechanical communication with the hood, and an active material between the upper and lower plates, wherein the active material is configured to increase in length in response to an activation signal, thereby to urge the upper and lower plates apart; and
an activation device coupled to the active material.
2. A vehicle comprising: a hood;
an underhood component;
active material operative to increase in length thereby to increase the distance between the hood and the underhood component in response to an activation signal.
3. The vehicle of claim 2 , wherein the active material comprises a shape memory alloy, a magnetic shape memory alloy, a shape memory polymer, an electroactive polymer, or a piezoelectric material.
4. The vehicle of claim 2 , wherein the activation signal comprises a thermal activation signal, a magnetic activation signal, an electric activation signal, a chemical activation signal, or a mechanical load.
5. The vehicle of claim 2 , wherein the active material undergoes a change in shape when subjected to the activation signal, and wherein the change in shape is reversible.
6. A system for mitigating damage to an object from impact with a vehicle hood, comprising:
a sensor that generates a signal based on pre-impact or impact information; and
a controller disposed to receive the sensor signal and deliver an activation signal to at least one device in operative communication with the hood and an underhood component; wherein the at least one device includes a lower plate, an upper plate, and an active material therebetween, wherein the active material is operative to increase from a first length to a second length in response to the activation signal.
7. The system according to claim 6 , wherein the lower plate is in contact with the underhood component and the upper plate in contact with an underside of the hood, and wherein the change from the first length to the second length is effective to increase a space between the vehicle and the hood.
8. The system according to claim 6 , wherein the active material comprises a shape memory alloy, a shape memory polymer, an electroactive polymer, or a piezoelectric material.
9. The system according to claim 6 , wherein the increase from the first length to the second length in response to the activation signal changes an applied load to displace the hood and increases the energy absorbing properties of the hood.
10. The system according to claim 6 , wherein the increase from the first length to the second length in response to the activation signal changes a force needed to locally deform the hood.
11. A method for reducing damage to an object from an impact with a hood, comprising:
sensing the impact;
generating an activation signal; and
activating a device in response to the activation signal, wherein the device is disposed between an underside of the hood and an underhood component and comprises an active material based pad having a lower plate, an upper plate, and an active material therebetween, wherein the active material changes a position of the hood relative to the underhood component from a first position to a second position by actively increasing a length dimension of the active material disposed in the device.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein changing the position of the hood from the first position to the second position is reversible.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the active material comprises a shape memory alloy, a magnetic shape memory alloy, a shape memory polymer, an electroactive polymer, or a piezoelectric material.
14. A method according to claim 11 , wherein sensing is accomplished with a pre-impact sensor.
15. A method according to claim 11 , wherein sensing is accomplished with an impact sensor.
16. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the generating the activation signal comprises manual activation.
17. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the object is a pedestrian.