Multiple output charge-coupled devices
An image sensor includes a plurality of pixels overlaid with a color filter pattern of at least two colors having the same color on every other pixel in one direction; three or more charge-coupled devices oriented parallel to the every other pixel color filter repeat pattern; a charge sensing amplifier at the output of at least two of the charge couple devices; each charge-coupled device having a first and a second gate; a CCD-to-CCD transfer gate connecting adjacent charge-coupled devices with the first gate being on one side of the CCD-to-CCD transfer gate and the second gate being on the opposite side of the CCD-to-CCD transfer gate; all CCD-to-CCD transfer gates are electrically connected together; all first gates are electrically connected; and all second gates are electrically connected.
1. An image sensor comprising:
a plurality of pixels overlaid with a color filter pattern of at least two colors having the same color on every other pixel in one direction;
three or more charge-coupled devices oriented parallel to the one direction for receiving charge from the plurality of pixels with each charge-coupled device having a first gate, a second gate, a third gate and a fourth gate in that order for shifting charge through the charge-coupled device, wherein all first gates are electrically connected together, all second gates are electrically connected together, all third gates are electrically connected together, and all fourth gates are electrically connected together; and
CCD-to-CCD transfer gates disposed between adjacent charge-coupled devices for transferring charge between the charge-coupled devices, wherein the first gate or third gate of a charge-coupled device is disposed on one side of a respective CCD-to-CCD transfer gate and the second gate or fourth gate of a charge-coupled device adjacent to the respective CCD-to-CCD transfer gate is disposed on an opposite side of the respective CCD-to-CCD transfer gate.
2. The image sensor as in claim 1 , further comprising a charge drain connected by a CCD transfer gate to the charge-coupled device furthest from the plurality of pixels.
3. The image sensor as in claim 1 , wherein the color filter pattern is a 2×2 pixel Bayer color filter pattern having two green pixels, one red pixel, and one blue pixel.
4. The image sensor as in claim 1 , further comprising a charge sensing amplifier connected to an output of at least two of the charge-coupled devices.
5. A method of operating an image sensor the method comprising:
providing a plurality of pixels overlaid with a color filter pattern of at least two colors having the same color on every other pixel in one direction;
providing three or more charge-coupled devices oriented parallel to the one direction with each charge-coupled device having a first gate, a second gate, a third gate and a fourth gate in sequential order for shifting charge through the charge-coupled device;
providing CCD-to-CCD transfer gates between adjacent charge-coupled devices with the first gate or third gate of a charge-coupled device disposed on one side of a respective CCD-to-CCD transfer gate and the second gate or fourth gate respectively of a charge-coupled device adjacent to the respective CCD-to-CCD transfer gate disposed on an opposite side of the respective CCD-to-CCD transfer gate; and
providing all first gates are electrically connected together; all second gates are electrically connected together; all third gates are electrically connected together; all fourth gates are electrically connected together;
operating in a first mode where all of the plurality of pixels are read out of at least two of the charge-coupled devices without summing pixels together and two of the charge-coupled devices are required to hold each row of charge; and
operating in a second mode where two successive pixels of the same color are summed together within one or more of the charge-coupled devices such that only one charge-coupled device is required to hold each row of charge from the plurality of pixels.
6. A camera comprising:
an image sensor comprising:
a plurality of pixels overlaid with a color filter pattern of at least two colors having the same color on every other pixel in one direction;
three or more charge-coupled devices oriented parallel to the one direction for receiving charge from the plurality of pixels with each charge-coupled device having a first gate, a second gate, a third gate and a fourth gate in that order for shifting charge through the charge-coupled device, wherein all first gates are electrically connected together; all second gates are electrically connected together; all third gates are electrically connected together; and all fourth gates are electrically connected together;
CCD-to-CCD transfer gates disposed between adjacent charge-coupled devices for transferring charge between charge-coupled devices, wherein the first gate or third gate of a charge-coupled device is disposed on one side of a respective CCD-to-CCD transfer gate and the second gate or fourth gate of a charge-coupled device adjacent to the respective CCD-to-CCD transfer gate is disposed on an opposite side of the respective CCD-to-CCD transfer gate.
7. The camera as in claim 6 , further comprising a charge drain connected by a CCD transfer gate to the charge-coupled device furthest from the plurality of pixels.
8. The camera as in claim 6 , wherein the color filter pattern is a 2×2 pixel Bayer color filter pattern having two green pixels, one red pixel, and one blue pixel.
9. The camera as in claim 6 , further comprising a charge sensing amplifier connected to an output of at least two of the charge-coupled devices.
10. An image sensor comprising:
three charge-coupled devices oriented parallel to each other with each charge-coupled device having four sequential gates for shifting charge through the charge-coupled device with all first gates electrically connected together, all second gates electrically connected together, all third gates electrically connected together, and all fourth gates electrically connected together, wherein a first charge-coupled device receives charge from a plurality of pixels, a second charge-coupled device receives charge from the first charge-coupled device, and a third charge-coupled device receives charge from the second charge-coupled device; and
CCD-to-CCD transfer gates disposed between adjacent charge-coupled devices for transferring charge between the charge-coupled devices, wherein a CCD-to-CCD transfer gate is disposed between the fourth gate of the first charge-coupled device and the third gate of the second charge-coupled device, a CCD-to-CCD transfer gate is disposed between the second gate of the first charge-coupled device and the first gate of the second charge-coupled device, a CCD-to-CCD transfer gate is disposed between the second gate of the second charge-coupled device and the first gate of the third charge-coupled device, and a CCD-to-CCD transfer gate is disposed between the fourth gate of the second charge-coupled device and the third gate of the third charge-coupled device.
11. The image sensor as in claim 10 , further comprising a CCD-to-CCD transfer gate disposed between a charge drain and the fourth and second gates of the third charge-coupled device.
12. The image sensor as in claim 10 , further comprising a color filter overlying the plurality of pixels with the color filter including a pattern of at least two colors having the same color on every other pixel in one direction.
13. The image sensor as in claim 12 , wherein the color filter comprises a Bayer color filter.
14. The image sensor as in claim 10 , further comprising a charge sensing amplifier connected to an output of at least two of the charge-coupled devices.
15. The image sensor as in claim 10 , further comprising:
one or more additional charge-coupled devices oriented parallel to the three charge-coupled devices, wherein each additional charge-coupled device has alternating first and second gates for shifting charge through the charge-coupled device; and
CCD-to-CCD transfer gates disposed between adjacent charge-coupled devices.