Sodium iron(II)-hexacyanoferrate(II) battery electrode and synthesis method
A method is provided for synthesizing sodium iron(II)-hexacyanoferrate(II). A Fe(CN) 6 material is mixed with the first solution and either an anti-oxidant or a reducing agent. The Fe(CN) 6 material may be either ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ) or ferricyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− ). As a result, sodium iron(II)-hexacyanoferrate(II) (Na 1+X Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ] Z . M H 2 O is formed, where X is less than or equal to 1, and where M is in a range between 0 and 7. In one aspect, the first solution including includes A ions, such as alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, or combinations thereof, resulting in the formation of Na 1+X A Y Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ] Z . M H 2 O, where Y is less than or equal to 1. Also provided are a Na 1+X Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ] Z. M H 2 O battery and Na 1+X Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ] Z . M H 2 O battery electrode.
1. A method for synthesizing sodium iron(II)-hexacyanoferrate(II), the method comprising:
preparing a first solution including sodium ions;
mixing a Fe(CN) 6 material with the first solution and a first element selected from the group consisting of an anti-oxidant and a reducing agent;
forming sodium iron(II)-hexacyanoferrate(II)(Na 1+X Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ] Z . M H 2 O),
where X and Z are each less than or equal to 1; and,
where M is in a range between 0 and 7.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein mixing the Fe(CN) 6 material includes the Fe(CN) 6 material being selected from the group consisting of ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ) and ferricyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− ).
3. The method of claim 1 wherein mixing the Fe(CN) 6 material with the first solution and the first element includes the first element being selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, glucose, ascorbic acid, formic acid, alcohols, oxalic acid, aldehydes, ketones, organic compounds having reducing properties, inorganic compounds having reducing properties, and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein preparing the first solution including sodium ions additionally includes the first solution comprising a solvent selected from the group consisting of an aqueous solvent, non-aqueous solvent, and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein mixing the Fe(CN) 6 material with the first solution and the first element includes heating at a temperature in a range between about 20 and 1000° C., forming an intermediate product.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
subsequent to forming the intermediate product, washing the intermediate product in a solution selected from the group consisting of an aqueous solution, non-aqueous solution, and combinations thereof; and,
drying the intermediate product at a temperature in a range between about 20 and 200° C.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein drying the intermediate product includes drying under vacuum at a pressure in a range between 0.001 mTorr and 30 Torr.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein mixing the Fe(CN) 6 material with the first solution and the first element includes mixing for a duration in a range of 1 hour to 1 month.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein mixing the Fe(CN) 6 material with the first solution and the first element includes the Fe(CN) 6 material being mixed with the first solution and the first element through a method selected from the group consisting of stirring, agitating, and shaking.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein preparing the first solution including sodium ions includes deriving the sodium ions from a material selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium iodide, sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, sodium bromide, sodium fluoride, and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein preparing the first solution including sodium ions additionally includes the first solution comprising A ions selected from the group consisting of alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, and combinations thereof; and,
wherein forming Na 1+X Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ] Z . M H 2 O includes forming Na 1+X A Y Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ] Z . M H 2 O, where Y is less than or equal to 1.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein preparing the first solution including A ions comprises the A ions being selected from the group consisting of lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ions (Na + ), potassium ions (K + ), rubidium ions (Rb + ), cesium ions (Cs + ), beryllium ions (Be + ), magnesium ions (Mg + ), calcium ions (Ca + ), strontium ions (Sr + ), and barium ions (Ba + ).