Surgical power drill including a measuring unit suitable for bone screw length determination
A device ( 25 ) for drilling holes in bone and configured to determine bone screw length, the device ( 25 ) including a surgical power drill ( 2 ) comprising: a) a housing ( 12 ) and; b) a measuring device ( 1 ) releasably attached or fixed to the housing ( 12 ), wherein the measuring device ( 1 ) is configured to measure the distance (x) covered by the housing ( 12 ) in the direction of the longitudinal axis ( 7 ) and relative to a surface of an implant ( 26 ) or a bone during a drilling process, wherein the measuring device ( 1 ) comprises a processing unit ( 14 ) to record the distance (x) covered with respect to time; the processing unit ( 14 ) comprises one or more differentiators to determine at least the first and second derivatives of the distance (x) covered with respect to time; and the processing unit ( 14 ) further comprises a peak detector to analyze one or more peaks occurring in the graph of the highest derivative with respect to time, and wherein the measuring device ( 1 ) comprises a laser device or an ultrasound position sensor for displacement assessment.
1. A device for drilling holes in bone and determining bone screw length, the device comprising:
a surgical power drill comprising:
a housing in which a motor and a spindle driven by the motor are accommodated, wherein the spindle has a longitudinal axis and comprises a chuck for clamping a drill bit; and
a measuring device releasably attached to or non-releasably fixed to the housing, wherein the measuring device is configured to measure a distance (x) covered traveled by the housing a direction of the longitudinal axis and relative to a surface of an implant or a bone during a drilling process;
wherein the measuring device comprises a processing unit configured to record the distance (x) traveled by the housing in the direction of the longitudinal axis and relative to the surface of the implant or the bone with respect to time;
wherein the processing unit comprises one or more differentiators configured to determine at least first and second derivatives of the distance (x) traveled with respect to time at any instant and to record at least a graph of a highest derivative with respect to time;
wherein the processing unit further comprises a peak detector configured to analyze one or more peaks occurring in the graph of the highest derivative with respect to time; and
wherein the measuring device further comprises a laser device or an ultrasound position sensor for displacement assessment.
2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the peak detector is configured to identify an acceleration peak when a maximum value of determined acceleration exceeds a pre-defined threshold value.
3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the peak detector is configured to identify a jerk peak when a maximum value of a determined jerk exceeds a predefined threshold value.
4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the processing unit comprises a microprocessor or a central processing unit having a processor register configured to record the distance (x) traveled by the housing in the direction of the longitudinal axis and relative to the surface of the implant or the bone with respect to time during the drilling process, wherein the microprocessor or central processing unit is programmed to compute the at least first and second derivatives of the distance (x) traveled by the housing in the direction of the longitudinal axis and relative to the surface of the implant or the bone with respect to time and thus forms at least a first and a second differentiator and wherein the microprocessor or central processing unit is programmed to form the peak detector.
5. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the processor register of the microprocessor or central processing unit temporarily stores acceleration and/or jerk peak values determined during the drilling process to define threshold values for acceleration and/or jerk.
6. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the microprocessor or central processing unit is programmed to compute the derivatives, to detect the peaks and to output a current distance (x) and/or a current velocity in real-time.
7. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the measuring device comprises an adaptor which is releasably affixable to the housing of the surgical power drill.
8. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the measuring device comprises clamps to releasably affix the measuring device to the housing.
9. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the measuring device comprises a casing that encloses the processing unit.
10. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the laser device comprises a laser module and at least two electronic light sensors configured to perform laser triangulation for displacement assessment.
11. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the laser device comprises a reflector that is slideable along the drill bit and configured to abut the implant, the bone or an instrument.
12. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the processing unit comprises a data memory configured to store data related to bone screw lengths, screw head length, tip section length and screw length increments.
13. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the measuring device further comprises a display or a loud speaker.
14. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises a calibration device.
15. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the measuring device comprises:
a first member, which is in a fixed position relative to the housing; and
a longitudinal second member, which is displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the spindle relative to the first member and which comprises a front end configured to abut the surface of the bone or the implant.
16. The device according to claim 15 , wherein the displaceable second member comprises a clamping portion for attachment to cylindrical structures with variable diameters, and wherein the clamping portion of the displaceable second member is configured to provide a frictional fit to the drill bit.
17. A method for estimating bone screw length based on drilling characteristics using a device according to claim 15 , said method comprising steps of:
A) advancing the surgical power drill coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the spindle to drill a hole in a bone and, by recording a position (x) of a cutting tip of the drill bit relative to the surface of the bone or of the implant in a drilling direction with respect to time (t);
B) determining first, second and third derivatives of x versus t at any instant;
C) determining an instant when the cutting tip of the drill bit exits a cortex of the bone by using the peak detector to identify a jerk peak occurring at that instant, wherein graphs of velocity, acceleration and jerk versus time are derived via the derivatives at any instant determined under step B);
D) determining a relative position between the second member and the first member at the instant determined under step C); and
E) selecting a bone screw having a length corresponding to the relative position between the second member and the first member determined under step D) under consideration of a predefined safety margin.
18. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising, before step A), steps of:
positioning the surgical power drill relative to the bone so that a front end of the displaceable second member and the cutting tip of the drill bit abut the surface of a bone; and
storing a relative position from the positioning step as a start point (x=0) for measurement of the position (x) of the cutting tip of the drill bit relative to the surface of the bone in the drilling direction with respect to time.
19. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising, before step A), steps of:
positioning the surgical power drill relative to the bone so that a front end of the displaceable second member abuts a drill sleeve inserted in soft tissue covering the bone;
adjusting the cutting tip of the drill bit secured in the chuck of the surgical power drill relative to the displaceable second member so that the cutting tip of the drill bit abuts the surface of the bone; and
storing a relative position from the positioning step as a start point (x=0) for measurement of the position (x) of the cutting tip of the drill bit relative to the surface of the bone or of the implant in the drilling direction with respect to time.
20. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising, before step A), steps of:
positioning the drill bit secured in the chuck relative to the displaceable second member using a calibration device such that a front end of the second member contacts the surface of the calibration device and the cutting tip of the drill bit abuts a stop protruding from the surface of the calibration device;
storing a relative position from the positioning step as a start point (x=0) for measurement of the position (x) of the cutting tip of the drill bit relative to the surface of the bone or of the implant in the drilling direction with respect to time; and
positioning the surgical power drill relative to the implant such that the front end of the displaceable second member abuts the surface of the implant.
21. A device for drilling holes in bone and determining a length of a bone screw or a guide wire, the device comprising:
a surgical power drill comprising:
a housing in which a motor and a spindle driven by the motor are accommodated, wherein the spindle has a longitudinal axis and comprises a chuck for clamping a drill bit;
a measuring device releasably attached to or non-releasably fixed to the housing, wherein the measuring device is configured to measure a distance (x) traveled by the housing in a direction of the longitudinal axis and relative to a surface of an implant, instrument or a bone during a drilling process, wherein the measuring device comprises a wireless data transmission device; and
a processing unit including a wireless data receiving device, said processing unit being configured to record the distance (x) traveled by the housing in the direction of the longitudinal axis and relative to the surface of the implant, instrument or the bone with respect to time;
wherein the processing unit comprises one or more differentiators configured to determine at least first and second derivatives of the distance (x) covered with respect to time at any instant and to record at least a graph of a highest derivative with respect to time;
wherein the processing unit further comprises a peak detector configured to analyze one or more peaks occurring in the graph of the highest derivative with respect to time; and
wherein the measuring device further comprises a laser device or an ultrasound position sensor for displacement assessment.
22. The device according to claim 21 , wherein the processing unit is selected from a group consisting of a computer with a monitor, a tablet computer, a smartphone, a smartwatch and a smartglass, wherein the processing unit is programmed to compute at least the first and second derivatives of the distance (x) traveled with respect to time and thus forms at least a first and a second differentiator, and wherein the processing unit is programmed to form the peak detector.
23. The device according to claim 22 , wherein the processing unit further comprises a third differentiator configured to determine a third derivative of the distance (x) traveled by the housing in the direction of the longitudinal axis and relative to the surface of the implant or the bone with respect to time during the drilling process.