Method and apparatus for multimode wideband oscillator
A multimode, multicore inductor-capacitor (LC) oscillator having an increased oscillation frequency tuning range, and related method, are provided. The oscillation frequency tuning range of existing oscillators is limited. LC oscillators are known to have very low phase noise but a narrow frequency tuning range. The present oscillator has at least two LC oscillator cores and is capable of operating in multiple different modes of oscillation thereby increasing its overall oscillation frequency tuning range. A set of programmable amplifier pairs is used to force particular relative oscillation phases at the nodes of the multiple cores of the oscillator to realize one or more additional modes of oscillation for the oscillator. The additional oscillation mode increases the frequency tuning range of the oscillator.
1. A multicore inductor-capacitor (LC) oscillator comprising:
a first and a second oscillator each comprising an LC resonance tank, where an inductor of the LC resonance tank of the first oscillator is magnetically coupled and electrically connected with an inductor of the LC resonance tank of the second oscillator;
a first differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across a first and a second node of the LC tank of the first oscillator;
a second differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across a first and a second node of the LC tank of the second oscillator;
a third differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across the first node of the LC tank of the first oscillator and the first node of the LC tank of the second oscillator; and
a fourth differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across the second node of the LC tank of the first oscillator and the second node of the LC tank of the second oscillator,
wherein the oscillator is configurable to operate in a first mode at a first oscillation frequency wherein:
all of the first, second, third, and fourth differential amplifier pairs are enabled and configured to force the same oscillation phase on both the first node of the first oscillator and the second node of the second oscillator, and to force an opposite oscillation phase on both the second node of the first oscillator and the first node of the second oscillator, and
wherein the oscillator is configurable to operate in a second mode, separate from the first mode, at a second oscillation frequency lower than the first oscillation frequency, wherein:
the first and second differential amplifier pairs are enabled to provide opposite oscillation phases on the first and second nodes of the first oscillator, and to provide opposite oscillation phases on the first and second nodes of the second oscillator, wherein the first nodes of the first and second oscillators have the same oscillation phase; and
the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs are disabled.
2. The multicore LC oscillator according to claim 1 , configured to sustain substantially the first oscillation frequency after the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs are disabled while the first and second differential amplifier pairs remain enabled.
3. The multicore LC oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs are configured to have insufficient gain to sustain oscillation at an oscillation frequency that is higher than the first oscillation frequency.
4. The multicore LC oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of a connecting conductor electrically connecting one of the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs to one of the first and second nodes of the LC tank of one of the first and second oscillators is substantially vertically aligned with at least a portion of a conductor of the inductor of the LC resonance tank of one of the first or second oscillators relative to a substrate on which the multicore LC oscillator is formed, thereby reducing the inductance introduced by the connecting conductor.
5. The multicore LC oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein the LC resonance tank of at least one of the first and second oscillators comprises a programmable capacitance C module for selectively configuring the capacitance C of the LC tank to enable selective tuning of the oscillation frequency of the multicore LC oscillator.
6. The multicore LC oscillator according to claim 5 , wherein the programmable capacitance C module comprises a variable voltage-dependent capacitor.
7. The multicore LC oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein the spacing between the inductor of the LC resonance tank of the first oscillator and the inductor of the LC resonance tank of the second oscillator affects the frequency separation between the first and second oscillation frequencies.
8. The multicore LC oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein the oscillator is configurable to operate in a third mode, separate from the first and second modes, at a third oscillation frequency higher than the second oscillation frequency and lower than the first oscillation frequency, wherein:
only one of the first and second differential amplifier pairs is enabled, and
the third and fourth amplifier pairs are disabled.
9. The multicore LC oscillator according to claim 1 , wherein the oscillator is configurable to operate in a fourth mode, separate from the first and second modes, at a fourth oscillation frequency higher than the first oscillation frequency, wherein:
the first and second differential amplifier pairs are disabled,
the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs are enabled and configured to force the same oscillation phase on both the first and second nodes of the first oscillator, and to force an opposite oscillation phase on both the first and second nodes of the second oscillator,
wherein the third and fourth amplifier pairs are configured to have sufficient gain to sustain oscillation at the fourth oscillation frequency corresponding to resonance frequency of any inductance and capacitance between the respective outputs of each of the third and fourth amplifier pairs.
10. A method of operating a multicore inductor-capacitor (LC) oscillator, the method comprising:
providing the multicore LC oscillator, which comprises:
a first and second oscillator each comprising an LC resonance tank, where an inductor of the LC resonance tank of the first oscillator is magnetically coupled and electrically connected with an inductor of the LC resonance tank of the second oscillator;
a first differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across first and second nodes of the LC tank of the first oscillator;
a second differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across first and second nodes of the LC tank of the second oscillator;
a third differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across the first node of the LC tank of the first oscillator and the first node of the LC tank of the second oscillator; and
a fourth differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across the second node of the LC tank of the first oscillator and the second node of the LC tank of the second oscillator,
wherein the oscillator is selectively configurable to operate in a first mode at a first oscillation frequency by:
enabling and configuring all of the first, second, third, and fourth differential amplifier pairs to force the same oscillation phase on both the first node of the first oscillator and the second node of the second oscillator, and to force an opposite oscillation phase on both the second node of the first oscillator and the first node of the second oscillator, and
wherein the oscillator is selectively configurable to operate in a second mode, separate from the first mode, at a second oscillation frequency lower than the first oscillation frequency,
enabling the first and second differential amplifier pairs to provide opposite oscillation phases on the first and second nodes of the first oscillator, and to provide opposite oscillation phases on the first and second nodes of the second oscillator, wherein the first nodes of the first and second oscillators have the same oscillation phase; and
disabling the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs, and
selectively configuring the oscillator to operate in one of the first mode and the second mode.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising configuring the oscillator to sustain substantially the first oscillation frequency after the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs are disabled while the first and second differential amplifier pairs remain enabled.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising configuring the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs to have insufficient gain to sustain oscillation at an oscillation frequency that is higher than the first oscillation frequency.
13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising configuring the oscillator such that at least a portion of a connecting conductor electrically connecting one of the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs to one of the first and second nodes of the LC tank of one of the first and second oscillators is substantially vertically aligned with at least a portion of a conductor of the inductor of the LC resonance tank of one of the first or second oscillators relative to a substrate on which the multicore LC oscillator is formed thereby reducing the inductance introduced by the connecting conductor.
14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising selectively tuning the oscillation frequency of the multicore LC oscillator by configuring a programmable capacitance C module of the LC resonance tank of at least one of the first and second oscillators to adjust the capacitance C of the LC tank.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the configuring a programmable capacitance C module comprises adjusting a variable voltage-dependent capacitor.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the spacing between the inductor of the LC resonance tank of the first oscillator and the inductor of the LC resonance tank of the second oscillator affects the frequency separation between the first and second oscillation frequencies.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the oscillator is selectively configurable to operate in a third mode separate from the first and second modes, and at a third oscillation frequency higher than the second oscillation frequency and lower than the first oscillation frequency by:
enabling only one of the first and second differential amplifier pairs, and
disabling the third and fourth amplifier pairs,
wherein the method further comprises selectively configuring the oscillator to operate in one of the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the oscillator is selectively configurable to operate in a fourth mode, separate from the first and second modes, at a fourth oscillation frequency higher than the first oscillation frequency by:
disabling the first and second differential amplifier pairs;
enabling and configuring the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs to force the same oscillation phase on both the first and second nodes of the first oscillator, and to force an opposite oscillation phase on both the first and second nodes of the second oscillator, and to have sufficient gain to sustain oscillation at the fourth oscillation frequency corresponding to resonance frequency of any inductance and capacitance between the respective outputs of each of the third and fourth amplifier pairs,
wherein the method further comprises selectively configuring the oscillator to operate in one of the first mode, the second mode, and the fourth mode.
19. A multicore inductor-capacitor (LC) oscillator comprising:
a first and a second oscillator each comprising an LC resonance tank, where an inductor of the LC resonance tank of the first oscillator is magnetically coupled and electrically connected with an inductor of the LC resonance tank of the second oscillator;
a first differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across a first and a second node of the LC tank of the first oscillator;
a second differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across a first and a second node of the LC tank of the second oscillator;
a third differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across the first node of the LC tank of the first oscillator and the first node of the LC tank of the second oscillator; and
a fourth differential amplifier pair cross-coupled across the second node of the LC tank of the first oscillator and the second node of the LC tank of the second oscillator,
wherein the oscillator is configurable to operate in a first mode at a first oscillation frequency wherein:
all of the first, second, third, and fourth differential amplifier pairs are enabled and configured to force the same oscillation phase on both the first node of the first oscillator and the second node of the second oscillator, and to force an opposite oscillation phase on both the second node of the first oscillator and the first node of the second oscillator, and
wherein the oscillator is configured to sustain substantially the first oscillation frequency after the third and fourth differential amplifier pairs are disabled while the first and second differential amplifier pairs remain enabled.