Calibrated ripple injection-based constant on-time buck converter with pre-bias startup in continuous conduction mode
View Patent ↗According to an aspect of one or more exemplary embodiments, there is provided a constant on-time controller for a buck converter with calibrated ripple injection in continuous conduction mode. The constant on-time controller may include a pulse width modulator (PWM) comparator that generates an on-time request, an error amplifier that regulates an average feedback voltage to an internal reference voltage, and passes a feedback node ripple signal to an input of the PWM comparator, an on-time generator that outputs an on-time signal that controls an on-time of the buck converter based on the on-time request, a MOSFET driver that drives the buck converter based on the output of the on-time generator, and an injection signal generator coupled to the on-time generator, wherein the injection signal generator may include a first switch and a second switch, a fixed signal generator, and a bias current source.
1. A constant on-time controller for a buck converter, the controller comprising:
a pulse width modulator (PWM) comparator that generates an on-time request;
an error amplifier that regulates an average feedback voltage to an internal reference voltage, and passes a feedback node ripple signal to an input of the PWM comparator;
an on-time generator that outputs an on-time signal that controls an on-time of the buck converter based on the on-time request;
a MOSFET driver that drives the buck converter based on the output of the on-time generator; and
an injection signal generator coupled to said on-time generator, said injection signal generator comprising a first switch and a second switch, a fixed signal generator, and a bias current source;
wherein said first switch is coupled to said second switch;
wherein said first and second switches are coupled to said fixed signal generator, and to an output of the injection signal generator;
wherein said bias current source is coupled between said first and second switches and said output of said injection signal generator; and
wherein the error amplifier receives a feedback voltage based on the output of the injection signal generator.
2. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the injection signal generator further comprises an AND gate comprising an output that is coupled to the second switch, a first input that is coupled via an inverter to the fixed signal generator, and a second input that is coupled to a flip flop that receives the on-time request from the PWM comparator.
3. The controller of claim 2 , wherein the flip flop comprises an input terminal coupled to a supply voltage, a clock terminal that is coupled to an output of the PWM comparator, and a clear terminal that is coupled to an enable signal of the controller.
4. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the bias current source is a constant bias current source.
5. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the bias current source is an adaptive bias current source that outputs a bias current based on the feedback voltage.
6. The controller of claim 5 , wherein the bias current is generated based on a comparison of the feedback voltage to a reference voltage.
7. A device comprising:
a buck converter power stage;
a controller coupled to the buck converter power stage; and
a ripple voltage circuit coupled to the buck converter power stage output and the controller;
wherein said controller comprises:
a pulse width modulator (PWM) comparator that generates an on-time request and is coupled to a feedback terminal of the controller;
an on-time generator that outputs an on-time signal that controls an on-time of the buck converter based on the on-time request;
a MOSFET driver that drives the buck converter based on the output of the on-time generator; and
an injection signal generator coupled to said on-time generator, said injection signal generator comprising a first switch and a second switch, a fixed signal generator, and a bias current source;
wherein said first switch is coupled to said second switch;
wherein said first and second switches are coupled to said fixed signal generator, and to an output of the injection signal generator;
wherein said bias current source is coupled between said first and second switches and said output of said injection signal generator; and
wherein the PWM comparator receives a feedback voltage based on the output of the injection signal generator;
wherein said ripple voltage circuit comprises an injection resistor, an injection capacitor, and a bias resistor;
wherein said injection resistor comprises a first terminal coupled to the output of the injection signal generator and a second terminal coupled to said injection capacitor;
wherein said bias resistor comprises a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the injection resistor and a second terminal coupled to ground; and
wherein said injection capacitor comprises a first terminal coupled to said second terminal of said injection resistor and a second terminal coupled to said feedback terminal of the controller.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the ripple voltage circuit further comprises a resistive voltage divider having a first resistor and a second resistor, and a feed forward capacitor coupled in parallel with the first resistor of said resistive voltage divider;
wherein the feedback terminal of the controller is coupled between the first and second resistors of said resistive voltage divider; and
wherein an output of the buck converter is coupled to the first resistor of said resistive voltage divider and the feed forward capacitor.
9. The device of claim 7 , wherein the injection signal generator further comprises an AND gate comprising an output that is coupled to the second switch, a first input that is coupled via an inverter to the fixed signal generator, and a second input that is coupled to a flip flop that receives the on-time request from the PWM comparator.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the flip flop comprises an input terminal coupled to a supply voltage, a clock terminal that is coupled to an output of the PWM comparator, and a clear terminal that is coupled to an enable signal of the controller.
11. The device of claim 7 , wherein the bias current source is a constant bias current source.
12. The device of claim 7 , wherein the bias current source is an adaptive bias current source that outputs a bias current based on the feedback voltage.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the bias current is generated based on a comparison of the feedback voltage to a reference voltage.
14. An injection signal generator for generating a feedback ripple voltage for a buck converter controller, said injection signal generator comprising: a first switch and a second switch, a fixed signal generator, and a bias current source; wherein said first switch is coupled to said second switch; wherein said first and second switches are coupled to said fixed signal generator, and to an output of the injection signal generator;
wherein said bias current source is coupled between said first and second switches and said output of said injection signal generator;
wherein injection signal generator further comprises:
an AND gate comprising an output that is coupled to the second switch, a first input that is coupled via an inverter to the fixed signal generator, and a second input that is coupled to a flip flop that receives an on-time request from a pulse width modulator (PWM) comparator.
15. The injection signal generator of claim 14 , wherein the flip flop comprises an input terminal coupled to a supply voltage, a clock terminal that is configured to receive the on-time request, and a clear terminal that is configured to receive an enable signal of the controller.
16. The injection signal generator of claim 14 , wherein the bias current source is a constant bias current source.
17. The injection signal generator of claim 14 , wherein the bias current source is an adaptive bias current source that outputs a bias current based on a feedback voltage.
18. The injection signal generator of claim 17 , wherein the bias current is generated based on a comparison of the feedback voltage to a reference voltage.
19. A method for controlling a buck converter, the method comprising:
regulating an average feedback voltage to an internal reference voltage;
generating an on-time request using a PWM comparator based on a feedback voltage;
outputting an on-time signal that controls an on-time of the buck converter based on the PWM comparator on-time request;
driving the buck converter based on the on-time signal;
creating a feedback voltage ripple using an injection signal generator and external components;
outputting a bias current to achieve a target voltage before a controller that controls the buck converter begins switching to ensure proper pre-bias startup; and
outputting an injection signal by the injection signal generator which generates a pulse voltage source with a fixed high duration and low for the remaining switching period under steady state conditions;
wherein the said injection generator also consists of a current source;
wherein the said current source is adaptive with the feedback voltage.