Method of improving read current stability in analog non-volatile memory by program adjustment for memory cells exhibiting random telegraph noise
A method and device for programming a non-volatile memory cell, where the non-volatile memory cell includes a first gate. The non-volatile memory cell is programmed to an initial program state that corresponds to meeting or exceeding a target threshold voltage for the first gate of the non-volatile memory cell. The target threshold voltage corresponds to a target read current. The non-volatile memory cell is read in a first read operation using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the non-volatile memory cell that is less than the target threshold voltage to generate a first read current. The non-volatile memory cell is subjected to additional programming in response to determining that the first read current is greater than the target read current.
1. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of non-volatile memory cells each comprising a first gate; and
a controller configured to program one non-volatile memory cell of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells by:
programming the one non-volatile memory cell to an initial program state that corresponds to meeting or exceeding a target threshold voltage for the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell, wherein the target threshold voltage corresponds to a target read current,
reading the one non-volatile memory cell in a first read operation using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is less than the target threshold voltage to generate a first read current, and
subjecting the one non-volatile memory cell to additional programming in response to determining that the first read current is greater than the target read current;
wherein the controller is configured to perform the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state by:
applying at least one first pulse of programming voltages to the one non-volatile memory cell,
reading the one non-volatile memory cell using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is equal to the target threshold voltage to generate a second read current, and
applying at least one second pulse of programming voltages to the one non-volatile memory cell in response to determining that the second read current is greater than the target read current.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells further comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with a channel region of the substrate extending there between;
a floating gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region; and
a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region;
wherein for each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells, the first gate is disposed vertically over and insulated from the floating gate.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein a voltage applied to the first gate as part of the second pulse of programming voltages is greater than a voltage applied to the first gate as part of the first pulse of programming voltages.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
read the one non-volatile memory cell in a second read operation, in response to determining that the first read current is not greater than the target read current in the first read operation, using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is less than the target threshold voltage to generate a second read current, and
subject the one non-volatile memory cell to additional programming in response to determining that the second read current is greater than the target read current.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells comprises a second gate, and wherein the controller is further configured to:
apply a negative voltage to the second gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state and before the first read operation; and
apply a negative voltage to the second gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the determining that the first read current is not greater than the target read current in the first read operation and before the second read operation.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells comprises a second gate, and wherein the controller is further configured to apply a negative voltage to the second gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state and before the first read operation.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to apply a negative voltage to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state and before the first read operation.
9. A memory device comprising:
a plurality of non-volatile memory cells each comprising a first gate; and
a controller configured to program one non-volatile memory cell of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells by:
programming the one non-volatile memory cell to an initial program state that corresponds to meeting or exceeding a target threshold voltage for the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell, wherein the target threshold voltage corresponds to a target read current,
reading the one non-volatile memory cell in a first read operation using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is less than the target threshold voltage to generate a first read current, and
subjecting the one non-volatile memory cell to additional programming in response to determining that the first read current is greater than the target read current;
wherein the controller is further configured to:
read the one non-volatile memory cell in a second read operation, in response to determining that the first read current is not greater than the target read current in the first read operation, using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is less than the target threshold voltage to generate a second read current, and
subject the one non-volatile memory cell to additional programming in response to determining that the second read current is greater than the target read current;
wherein the controller is further configured to:
apply a negative voltage to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state and before the first read operation; and
apply a negative voltage to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the determining that the first read current is not greater than the target read current in the first read operation and before the second read operation.
10. A method of programming one non-volatile memory cell of a plurality of non-volatile memory cells, wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells includes a first gate, the method comprising:
programming the one non-volatile memory cell to an initial program state that corresponds to meeting or exceeding a target threshold voltage for the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell, wherein the target threshold voltage corresponds to a target read current,
reading the one non-volatile memory cell in a first read operation using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is less than the target threshold voltage to generate a first read current, and
subjecting the one non-volatile memory cell to additional programming in response to determining that the first read current is greater than the target read current;
wherein the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state comprises:
applying at least one first pulse of programming voltages to the one non-volatile memory cell;
reading the one non-volatile memory cell using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is equal to the target threshold voltage to generate a second read current; and
applying at least one second pulse of programming voltages to the one non-volatile memory cell in response to determining that the second read current is greater than the target read current.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells further comprises:
spaced apart source and drain regions formed in a semiconductor substrate, with a channel region of the substrate extending there between;
a floating gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a first portion of the channel region; and
a select gate disposed vertically over and insulated from a second portion of the channel region;
wherein for each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells, the first gate is disposed vertically over and insulated from the floating gate.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells further comprises:
an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the source region.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein a voltage applied to the first gate as part of the second pulse of programming voltages is greater than a voltage applied to the first gate as part of the first pulse of programming voltages.
14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
reading the one non-volatile memory cell in a second read operation, in response to determining that the first read current is not greater than the target read current in the first read operation, using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is less than the target threshold voltage to generate a second read current, and
subjecting the one non-volatile memory cell to additional programming in response to determining that the second read current is greater than the target read current.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells comprises a second gate, the method further comprising:
applying a negative voltage to the second gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state and before the first read operation; and
applying a negative voltage to the second gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the determining that the first read current is not greater than the target read current in the first read operation and before the second read operation.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells comprises a second gate, the method further comprising:
applying a negative voltage to the second gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state and before the first read operation.
17. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
applying a negative voltage to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state and before the first read operation.
18. A method of programming one non-volatile memory cell of a plurality of non-volatile memory cells, wherein each of the plurality of non-volatile memory cells includes a first gate, the method comprising:
programming the one non-volatile memory cell to an initial program state that corresponds to meeting or exceeding a target threshold voltage for the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell, wherein the target threshold voltage corresponds to a target read current,
reading the one non-volatile memory cell in a first read operation using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is less than the target threshold voltage to generate a first read current,
subjecting the one non-volatile memory cell to additional programming in response to determining that the first read current is greater than the target read current,
reading the one non-volatile memory cell in a second read operation, in response to determining that the first read current is not greater than the target read current in the first read operation, using a read voltage applied to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell that is less than the target threshold voltage to generate a second read current,
subjecting the one non-volatile memory cell to additional programming in response to determining that the second read current is greater than the target read current,
applying a negative voltage to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the programming of the one non-volatile memory cell to the initial program state and before the first read operation, and
applying a negative voltage to the first gate of the one non-volatile memory cell after the determining that the first read current is not greater than the target read current in the first read operation and before the second read operation.