Ovens for atomic clocks and related methods
Ovens for atomic clocks may include a body including a cavity within the body. A plurality of heating elements may be distributed around the body, each heating element of the plurality including coils of electrically resistive material. An arrangement of the plurality of heating elements may be such that far fields of magnetic fields having opposite polarities induced by respective coils of the heating elements overlap.
1. An oven for an atomic clock, comprising:
a body comprising a cavity within the body; and
a plurality of heating elements distributed around the body, each of the plurality of heating elements comprising a coil of electrically resistive material, an arrangement of the plurality of heating elements being such that far fields of magnetic fields having opposite polarities induced by respective coils of the heating elements overlap.
2. The oven of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heating elements comprise two complementary heating elements configured to each generate a magnetic field of opposite polarity.
3. The oven of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of heating elements is electrically connected in series to an adjacent one of the plurality of heating elements and in parallel to another adjacent one of the plurality of heating elements.
4. The oven of claim 1 , wherein at least one pair of heating elements of the plurality of heating elements is connected to one another in series and to each other heating element of the plurality of heating elements in parallel.
5. The oven of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heating elements comprises an even number of heating elements.
6. The oven of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of heating elements is configured to generate a magnetic field having opposite polarity from a magnetic field generated by each circumferentially adjacent heating element.
7. The oven of claim 1 , wherein coils of adjacent heating elements are configured to carry current in opposite clockwise or counterclockwise directions from one another.
8. The oven of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of heating elements comprises a tube of electrically insulating material around which the respective coil of the heating element is positioned and a support of electrically conductive material extending from below the tube, through the tube, to connect to the respective coil.
9. The oven of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of heating elements comprises a tube of electrically insulating material, a first coil of the respective heating element is located around the tube, a second coil of the respective heating element is located within the tube, and a support extends through the tube and through the second coil.
10. The oven of claim 9 , wherein the first coil is configured to carry current in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction opposite from a direction in which current is configured to be carried by the second coil.
11. The oven of claim 1 , further comprising a shroud of electrically insulating material at least partially surrounding the coils of each of the plurality of heating elements, the shroud located radially outward from the body.
12. The oven of claim 11 , further comprising a washer of an electrically insulating material overlying the shroud and a base of an electrically insulating material underlying the shroud, electrical connectors to the heating elements extending through holes in the base to the respective ones of the plurality of heating elements.
13. The oven of claim 12 , further comprising a cap overlying the shroud, the cap being secured to the body, the cap clamping the washer and the shroud in place.
14. The oven of claim 12 , wherein the body is secured to the base.
15. A method of making an oven for an atomic clock, comprising:
positioning heating elements around a body comprising a cavity within the body, the heating elements comprising coils of electrically resistive material; and
positioning alternate ones of the coils to generate magnetic fields having opposite polarities to control a magnitude of a magnetic field inducible by the coils.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising electrically connecting each heating element in series to one of the adjacent heating elements and in parallel to another of the adjacent heating elements.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising connecting at least one pair of the heating elements to one another in series and to each other heating element in parallel.
18. A method of using an oven for an atomic clock, comprising:
heating a material within a cavity of a body utilizing heating elements distributed around the body, the heating elements comprising coils of electrically resistive material; and
controlling a magnitude of a magnetic field inducible by the coils of the heating elements by generating magnetic fields having opposite polarities utilizing adjacent heating elements.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein controlling the magnitude of the magnetic field inducible by the coils comprises directing current through a first coil of a first heating element in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction and directing current through a second coil of a second heating element in an opposite direction.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein controlling the magnitude of the magnetic field inducible by the coils comprises directing current to an adjacent pair of the heating elements in series with one another and directing current in parallel to another adjacent one of the heating elements.