Film bulk acoustic resonator fabrication method
Methods of fabricating acoustic resonators are disclosed. A back surface of a piezoelectric plate is bonded to a surface of a substrate. Thickness measurements are made at a plurality of positions on the piezoelectric plate. Excess material is removed from the front surface of the piezoelectric plate in accordance with the thickness measurements to improve a thickness uniformity of the piezoelectric plate. A conductor pattern is formed on the front surface, the conductor pattern including a plurality of interdigital transducers (IDTs) of a plurality of resonators. Cavities are formed in the substrate such that portions of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate form a plurality of diaphragms spanning respective cavities, wherein interleaved fingers of each IDT of the plurality of IDTs are disposed on a respective one of the plurality of diaphragms.
1. A method of fabricating a plurality of acoustic resonators on a piezoelectric plate having opposed front and back surfaces, the method comprising:
bonding the back surface of the piezoelectric plate to a surface of a substrate;
performing thickness measurements of a thickness of the piezoelectric plate at a plurality of positions on the piezoelectric plate;
removing excess material from the front surface of the piezoelectric plate in accordance with the thickness measurements to improve a thickness uniformity of the piezoelectric plate;
after removing the excess material, forming a conductor pattern on the front surface of the piezoelectric plate, the conductor pattern including a plurality of interdigital transducers (IDTs) of the plurality of acoustic resonators; and
forming cavities in the substrate such that portions of the piezoelectric plate form a plurality of diaphragms spanning respective cavities,
wherein, after the cavities and the conductor pattern are formed, interleaved fingers of each IDT of the plurality of IDTs are disposed on a respective one of the plurality of diaphragms.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the front surface of the piezoelectric plate is attached to a sacrificial substrate during the bonding, the method further comprising:
removing the sacrificial substrate to expose the front surface of the piezoelectric plate after the bonding.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
polishing the front surface of the piezoelectric plate after removing the sacrificial substrate and before performing thickness measurements.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing thickness measurements further comprises:
measuring a respective thickness at each of the plurality of positions using an optical interferometer and/or an optical reflectometer.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing excess material is performed with a scanning ion mill.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing excess material further comprises:
removing excess material from the front surface of the piezoelectric plate to make a thickness at any point on the piezoelectric plate essentially equal to a predetermined first thickness.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
after removing the excess material and before forming a conductor pattern, post processing the piezoelectric plate to repair surface damage.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric plate and all of the IDTs are configured such that a respective radio frequency signal applied to each IDT excites a respective shear primary acoustic mode within the respective diaphragm.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the single-crystal piezoelectric plate is one of lithium niobate and lithium tantalate.
10. A method of fabricating a plurality of acoustic resonators on a piezoelectric plate having opposed front and back surfaces, the method comprising:
bonding the back surface of the piezoelectric plate to a surface of a substrate;
performing thickness measurements of a thickness of the piezoelectric plate at a plurality of positions on the piezoelectric plate;
removing excess material from the front surface of the piezoelectric plate in accordance with the thickness measurements to improve a thickness uniformity of the piezoelectric plate;
after removing the excess material, selectively thinning portions of the piezoelectric plate from the first thickness to a second thickness less than the first thickness,
after selectively thinning portions of the piezoelectric plate, forming a conductor pattern on the front surface of the piezoelectric plate, the conductor pattern including a plurality of interdigital transducers (IDTs) of the plurality of acoustic resonators; and
forming cavities in the substrate such that portions of the piezoelectric plate form a plurality of diaphragms spanning respective cavities,
wherein, after the cavities and the conductor pattern are formed:
interleaved fingers of one or more IDTs of the plurality of IDTs are disposed on respective diaphragms having the first thickness, and
interleaved fingers of one or more IDTs of the plurality of IDTs are disposed on respective diaphragms having the second thickness.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the front surface of the piezoelectric plate is attached to a sacrificial substrate during the bonding, the method further comprising:
removing the sacrificial substrate to expose the front surface of the piezoelectric plate after the bonding.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
polishing the front surface of the piezoelectric plate after removing the sacrificial substrate and before performing thickness measurements.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein performing thickness measurements further comprises:
measuring a respective thickness at each of the plurality of positions using an optical interferometer and/or an optical reflectometer.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein removing excess material is performed with a scanning ion mill.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein removing excess material further comprises:
removing excess material from the front surface of the piezoelectric plate to make a thickness at any point on the piezoelectric plate essentially equal to a predetermined first thickness.
16. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
after removing the excess material and before forming a conductor pattern, post processing the piezoelectric plate to repair surface damage.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein the piezoelectric plate and all of the IDTs are configured such that a respective radio frequency signal applied to each IDT excites a respective shear primary acoustic mode within the respective diaphragm.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the single-crystal piezoelectric plate is one of lithium niobate and lithium tantalate.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein removing excess material from the front surface of the piezoelectric plate in accordance with the thickness measurements further comprises:
interpolating the thickness measurements to generate a map of the thickness of the piezoelectric plate; and
removing excess material from the front surface of the piezoelectric plate in accordance with the map.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein removing excess material from the front surface of the piezoelectric plate in accordance with the thickness measurements further comprises:
interpolating the thickness measurements to generate a map of the thickness of the piezoelectric plate; and
removing excess material from the front surface of the piezoelectric plate in accordance with the map.