Image pickup element, method of manufacturing image pickup element, and electronic apparatus
An image pickup element includes: a semiconductor substrate including a photoelectric conversion section for each pixel; a pixel separation groove provided in the semiconductor substrate; and a fixed charge film provided on a light-receiving surface side of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the fixed charge film includes a first insulating film and a second insulating film, the first insulating film being provided contiguously from the light-receiving surface to a wall surface and a bottom surface of the pixel separation groove, and the second insulating film being provided on a part of the first insulating film, the part corresponding to at least the light-receiving surface.
1. An imaging device, comprising:
a substrate including a photoelectric conversion region;
a first trench and a second trench, wherein the photoelectric conversion region is disposed between the first trench and the second trench;
a first film including silicon oxide disposed above the photoelectric conversion region at a light receiving surface side of the substrate and contacting the substrate;
a second film disposed above the first film at the light receiving surface side of the substrate;
a third film disposed above the second film at the light receiving surface side of the substrate; and
a fourth film disposed above the third film at the light receiving surface side of the substrate,
wherein the second film includes at least one of a group consisting of: hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and tantalum oxide,
wherein the third film includes at least one of the group consisting of: hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and tantalum oxide, and
wherein the fourth film includes at least one of the group consisting of: hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and tantalum oxide.
2. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the second film includes aluminum oxide.
3. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the third film includes hafnium oxide.
4. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the fourth film includes hafnium oxide.
5. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the fourth film includes tantalum oxide.
6. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the first, second, third, and fourth films are disposed in the first and second trenches.
7. The imaging device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first light shielding film disposed above the fourth film.
8. The imaging device of claim 7 , wherein the first light shielding film is further disposed adjacent the first trench.
9. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the second film has a thickness of 1 nm or more.
10. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the fourth film has a thickness of 10 nm or more.
11. The imaging device of claim 1 , further comprising a fifth film, wherein the fifth film is disposed above the fourth film at the light receiving surface side of the substrate.
12. The imaging device according to claim 1 , wherein the second film and the third film include different materials.
13. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the second film and the third film include a same material.
14. The imaging device according to claim 1 , wherein the second film, the third film, and the fourth film include different materials.
15. The imaging device according to claim 1 , wherein the second film and the fourth film include a same material.
16. The imaging device according to claim 1 , wherein the third film and the fourth film include a same material.
17. An imaging device, comprising:
a substrate including a photoelectric conversion region;
a first trench and a second trench, wherein the photoelectric conversion region is disposed between the first trench and the second trench;
a first film including silicon oxide disposed on the photoelectric conversion region at a light receiving surface side of the substrate and contacting the substrate;
a second film disposed on a light receiving surface side of the first film;
a third film disposed on a light receiving surface side of the second film; and
a fourth film disposed on a light receiving surface side of the third film,
wherein the second film includes at least one of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and tantalum oxide,
wherein the third film includes at least one of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and tantalum oxide, and
wherein the fourth film includes at least one of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and tantalum oxide.
18. The imaging device of claim 17 , wherein the second film includes aluminum oxide.
19. The imaging device of claim 17 , wherein the third film includes hafnium oxide.
20. The imaging device of claim 17 , wherein the fourth film includes hafnium oxide.