Hemorrhage management system
An embodiment includes a wound dressing comprising: a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam, including open cells, having first and second states; and a hydrogel (HG) included within the cells; wherein (a) in a first position a composite, including the SMP foam and the HG, is configured to be located proximate a hemorrhagic tissue with the SMP foam in the first state; (b) in a second position the composite is configured to be expanded to the second state against the hemorrhagic tissue when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing a glass transition temperature (T g ) of the SMP foam to below 25° C. Other embodiments are described herein.
1. A method comprising:
providing a composite including a shape memory polymer (SMP) foam and a hydrogel (HG), wherein: (a) the SMP foam includes open cells and has first and second states, (b) the SMP foam has a glass transition temperature (Tg), and (c) the HG is included within the open cells;
heating the composite above the Tg and holding the composite in a geometrical form while the SMP foam is in its first state;
cooling the composite to below the Tg to program the geometrical form into the composite;
sterilizing the composite;
locating the composite in a package and storing the package at temperature below the Tg.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam includes polyurethane and the HG includes iodine.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the storing the package at temperature below the Tg includes storing the package at a temperature that is less than 30 degrees Celsius.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam is crosslinked;
the SMP foam includes struts;
the struts form the open cells, and
the HG is crosslinked around the struts.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the providing a composite including a SMP foam and a HG includes adding the HG to the SMP foam.
6. The method of claim 1 , comprising including a therapeutic agent in the HG.
7. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding a therapeutic agent to at least one of the SMP foam, the HG, or combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the therapeutic agent includes a drug delivery agent.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the drug delivery agent includes at least one of kaolin, chitosan, silicate nanoparticles, bioactive glass particles, diatomaceous earth, or combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam is configured to expand from the first state to the second state when the SMP foam is plasticized at 37° C. depressing the Tg of the SMP foam to below 25° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the locating the composite in a package includes locating the composite in a conduit.
12. The method of claim 1 comprising:
providing an additional composite including an additional SMP foam and an additional HG, wherein: (a) the additional SMP foam includes additional open cells and has additional first and second states, (b) the additional SMP foam has an additional Tg, and (c) the additional HG is included within the additional open cells;
heating the additional composite above the additional Tg and holding the additional composite in an additional geometrical form while the additional SMP foam is in its additional first state;
cooling the additional composite to below the additional Tg to program the additional geometrical form into the additional composite;
sterilizing the additional composite;
locating the additional composite in the package.
13. The method of claim 1 comprising coupling the composite to a substrate.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the substrate includes at least one of gauze, a bandage, a tourniquet, or combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam includes struts;
the method includes coating the HG on the struts.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam includes a polymer;
the polymer comprises polymerized monomers;
the monomers include hydroxypropyl ethylenediamine (HPED), triethanolamine (TEA), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI).
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HG covers some portions of the SMP foam but not all portions of the SMP foam.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SMP foam includes polyurethane and the HG includes Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEG-DA) N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP).
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam is crimped;
the composite has a Shape Recovery (H″/H)(100) of at least 80%;
H″ is a length of the composite in the second state and H is a length of the composite before being crimped.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the SMP foam is crimped;
the composite has an Expansion Ratio (H″/H′) of at least 1.00;
H″ is a length of the composite in the second state and H′ is a length of the composite while crimped.