Method for producing polypeptide hetero-oligomer
It is intended to provide a method for efficiently and stably producing a heteromultimer by incubating homo variants of plural types of heavy chain constant region-containing polypeptides differing in antigen-binding activity under a reducing condition that reorganize the inter-polypeptide disulfide bond between cysteine residues outside of core hinge regions. A feature of the production method of the present invention is that amino acid residues in the core hinge regions do not form any disulfide bond.
1. A method for producing a heterodimer, the method comprising:
(a) providing a first molecule comprising two copies of a first antibody arm comprising a first antibody heavy chain and a first antibody light chain, wherein the first antibody heavy chain comprises a first heavy chain constant region that comprises a Cys residue and has no core hinge region Cys residues;
(b) providing a second molecule comprising two copies of a second antibody arm comprising a second antibody heavy chain and a second antibody light chain, wherein the second antibody arm is different from the first antibody arm, and wherein the second antibody heavy chain comprises a second heavy chain constant region that comprises a Cys residue and has no core hinge region Cys residues;
(c) incubating the first and second molecules together under a reducing condition that allows Cys-Cys disulfide bonds in the first molecule and in the second molecule to isomerize; and
(d) obtaining a heterodimer comprising the first antibody arm and the second antibody arm, joined by a single Cys-Cys disulfide bond, provided that the heterodimer has no core hinge region disulfide bonds.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein
in the first molecule of (a), each copy of the first antibody light chain is associated with a copy of the first antibody heavy chain;
in the second molecule of (b), each copy of the second antibody light chain is associated with a copy of the second antibody heavy chain; and
the heterodimer of (d) comprises the first antibody heavy chain in association with the first antibody light chain and comprises the second antibody heavy chain in association with the second antibody light chain.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in each of the first and second antibody heavy chains, both of EU numbering positions 226 and 229 are deleted or both are occupied by a residue other than Cys.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second antibody heavy chains lacks all core hinge region positions.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in each of the first and second antibody heavy chains, EU numbering positions 220 to 225 are occupied by the sequence Tyr-Gly-Pro-Pro (SEQ ID NO: 48).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in each of the first and second antibody heavy chains, all of EU numbering positions 219 to 229 are deleted.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein
the heavy chain constant region of the first antibody heavy chain comprises a CH3 region comprising at least one Cys residue;
the heavy chain constant region of the second antibody heavy chain comprises a CH3 region comprising at least one Cys residue; and
in the heterodimer, the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain is linked to the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain by the single disulfide bond.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein a Cys residue in the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain is located at a position selected from EU numbering positions 349, 351, 354, 356, 394, and 407 of the first antibody heavy chain; and a Cys residue in the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain is located at a position selected from EU numbering positions 349, 351, 354, 356, 394, and 407 of the second antibody heavy chain.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein a Cys residue in the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain and a Cys residue in the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain are located at a pair of positions selected from the following pairs (1) to (5), wherein all positions are according to EU numbering:
(1) position 349 in one of the CH3 regions and position 356 in the other,
(2) position 394 in one of the CH3 regions and position 394 in the other,
(3) position 351 in one of the CH3 regions and position 351 in the other,
(4) position 407 in one of the CH3 regions and position 407 in the other, and
(5) position 349 in one of the CH3 regions and position 354 in the other.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heavy chain constant regions of the first and second antibody heavy chains each comprise a CH3 region, and
(A) the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain includes an amino acid substitution, compared to the sequence of a naturally-occurring IgG CH3 region, at a position or positions selected from EU numbering positions 392, 397, and 409; or
(B) the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain includes an amino acid substitution, compared to the sequence of a naturally-occurring IgG CH3 region, at a position or positions selected from EU numbering positions 392, 397, and 409; or
(C) both (A) and (B).
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heavy chain constant regions of the first and second antibody heavy chains each comprise a CH3 region, and one or more of (A) to (F) are true:
(A) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 356 and 439 in the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(B) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 357 and 370 in the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(C) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 399 and 409 in the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(D) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 356 and 439 in the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(E) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 357 and 370 in the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(F) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 399 and 409 in the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
provided that,
when both (A) and (D) are true, the type of charge in (A) is the opposite of the type of charge in (D), and
when both (B) and (E) are true, the type of charge in (B) is the opposite of the type of charge in (E), and
when both (C) and (F) are true, the type of charge in (C) is the opposite of the type of charge in (F).
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein, when the type of charge is positive charge, the amino acid residues are selected from Lys, Arg, and His, and when the type of charge is negative charge, the amino acid residues are selected from Glu and Asp.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 356, 399, 409, and 439 of the first antibody heavy chain are all positively charged, and the amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 356, 399, 409, and 439 of the second antibody heavy chain are all negatively charged.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heavy chain constant region of at least one of the first and second antibody heavy chains is selected from IgG1 type, IgG2 type, IgG3 type, or IgG4 type.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heavy chain constant region of at least one of the first and second antibody heavy chains is a mouse-derived heavy chain constant region.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the heavy chain constant regions of the first and second antibody heavy chains each comprise a CH3 region, and one or more of (A) to (F) is true:
(A) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 356 and 439 in the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(B) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 360 and 371 in the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(C) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 399 and 409 in the CH3 region of the first antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(D) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 356 and 439 in the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(E) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 360 and 371 in the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
(F) amino acid residues at EU numbering positions 399 and 409 in the CH3 region of the second antibody heavy chain have the same type of charge (+ or −),
provided that,
when both (A) and (D) are true, the type of charge in (A) is the opposite of the type of charge in (D), and
when both (B) and (E) are true, the type of charge in (B) is the opposite of the type of charge in (E), and
when both (C) and (F) are true, the type of charge in (C) is the opposite of the type of charge in (F).
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in at least one of the first and second antibody heavy chains, one or more of the following is true:
the amino acid at EU numbering position 397 is Met, Phe, or Tyr;
the amino acid at EU numbering position 392 is Asp, Glu, Thr, Val, or Ile;
the amino acid at EU numbering position 409 is Arg.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises contacting the first and second molecules with a reducing agent.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises contacting the first and second molecules with glutathione, L-cysteine, dithiothreitol (DTT), β-mercapto-ethanol, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), or 2-mercaptoethylamine (2-MEA).
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heterodimer is a bispecific antibody.
21. A method for producing a heterodimer, the method comprising:
(a) providing a first molecule comprising two copies of a first antibody arm comprising a first antibody heavy chain and a first antibody light chain, wherein the first antibody heavy chain comprises a first heavy chain constant region;
(b) providing a second molecule comprising two copies of a second antibody arm comprising a second antibody heavy chain and a second antibody light chain, wherein the second antibody arm is different from the first antibody arm, and wherein the second antibody heavy chain comprises a second heavy chain constant region;
(c) incubating the first and second molecules together under a reducing condition that allows Cys-Cys disulfide bonds in the first molecule and second molecule to isomerize; and
(d) obtaining a heterodimer comprising one copy of the first antibody arm and one copy of the second antibody arm, wherein the heavy chain constant regions of the first and second antibody heavy chains (i) both have an amino acid residue other than Cys at EU numbering position 226 and EU numbering position 229, and (ii) meet the criteria of one of the following (1) to (5):
(1) the first antibody heavy chain has a Cys at EU numbering position 349, and the second antibody heavy chain has a Cys at EU numbering position 356; or
(2) the first and second antibody heavy chains both have a Cys at EU numbering position 394; or
(3) the first and second antibody heavy chains both have a Cys at EU numbering position 351; or
(4) the first and second antibody heavy chains both have a Cys at EU numbering position 407; or
(5) the first antibody heavy chain has a Cys at EU numbering position 349, and the second antibody heavy chain has a Cys at EU numbering position 354.
22. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first molecule is produced by expressing nucleic acid encoding the first antibody heavy chain and the first antibody light chain, and the second molecule is produced by expressing nucleic acid encoding the second antibody heavy chain and the second antibody light chain, and wherein the method further comprises collecting the heterodimer of (d).
23. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(e) assaying the heterodimer for a desired activity, thereby determining that the heterodimer has the desired activity; and
(f) selecting the heterodimer as having the desired activity.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the selected heterodimer comprises two antibody heavy chain variable regions and two light chain variable regions, and each variable region comprises three CDRs, the method further comprising:
identifying the amino acid sequences of (i) the twelve CDRs or (ii) the four variable regions of the selected heterodimer; and
generating a second heterodimer comprising two heavy chains and two light chains that differ in sequence from the antibody heavy and light chains of the selected heterodimer, but that comprise CDRs or variable regions that match those of the selected heterodimer.