Solid-state drive secure data wiping for reuse and recycling
A process for reliably erasing data from a solid-state drive (SSD) includes first, prior to user data being stored on the drive, generating a restore image of information stored on the drive which characterizes a restore state of the drive, such as a factory image. Then, imparting energy to the drive to promote electrons representing bits in corresponding memory cells to exit the cells, such as imparting thermal energy or high-energy electromagnetic radiation to the drive. Also, generating a set of quantitative data for verifying erasure of the data for presentation to the user helps ensure trust in the data wipe process. The drive may also be electrically erased prior to imparting energy to the SSD, to provide another level of confidence in the data wipe process. The restore image may then be loaded to the necessary locations on the wiped drive to restore drive functionality.
1. A method for erasing data from a solid-state drive (SSD), the method comprising:
prior to user data being stored on the SSD, generating a restore image of information stored on the SSD which characterizes a restore state of the SSD;
imparting energy to the SSD to promote electrons representing bits in corresponding memory cells of the SSD to exit the cells, wherein imparting energy to the SSD comprises imparting at least one of thermal energy or high-energy electromagnetic radiation waves to the SSD; and
generating a set of quantitative data for verifying erasure of user data from the SSD.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
prior to imparting energy to the SSD, electrically erasing the SSD by setting a voltage level on the memory cells to a higher level than a standard operating voltage and then bringing the voltage to near-zero.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
collecting quantitative data relating to the electrically erasing of the memory cells; and
wherein generating the set of quantitative data comprises including the quantitative data relating to the electrically erasing in the set of quantitative data.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
providing the restore image to a user of the SSD.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein imparting energy to the SSD to promote the electrons includes imparting thermal energy to the SSD.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:
providing a thermal profile, corresponding to the SSD, characterizing temperatures versus durations for promoting the electrons to exit the cells.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein imparting energy to the SSD to promote the electrons includes imparting high-energy electromagnetic radiation waves to the SSD.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
providing an electromagnetic radiation profile, corresponding to the SSD, characterizing electromagnetic energy levels versus durations for promoting the electrons to exit the cells.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
collecting quantitative data relating to the imparting energy to the memory cells of the SSD; and
wherein generating the set of quantitative data comprises including the quantitative data relating to the imparting energy in the set of quantitative data.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein imparting energy to the SSD to promote the electrons comprises:
imparting energy to a group of multiple SSDs to promote the electrons representing bits in corresponding memory cells of the SSDs to exit the cells;
identifying a subset of the group of SSDs determined to have not reached a certain level of erasure; and
imparting increased energy to the subset of SSDs.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
prior to imparting energy to the SSD, pre-conditioning certain cells of the SSD by elevating to a higher voltage so that the electrons corresponding to these certain cells are less likely to exit; and
subsequent to imparting energy to the SSD, returning the certain cells to a desired threshold voltage.
12. A method for erasing data from a solid-state drive (SSD), the method comprising:
prior to user data being stored on the SSD, generating a restore image of information stored on the SSD which characterizes a restore state of the SSD;
electrically erasing memory cells of the SSD;
collecting quantitative data relating to the electrically erasing of memory cells of the SSD;
imparting thermal energy to the SSD to promote electrons between insulator layers and representing bits in corresponding memory cells of the SSD to exit the cells;
collecting quantitative data relating to the imparting the thermal energy to the memory cells of the SSD; and
generating a set of quantitative data for verifying erasure of user data from the SSD.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein generating the set of quantitative data comprises including the quantitative data relating to the electrically erasing and the quantitative data relating to imparting the thermal energy in the set of quantitative data.
14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
providing a thermal profile, corresponding to the SSD, characterizing temperatures versus durations for promoting the electrons to exit the cells.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein generating the set of quantitative data includes generating a number of cells whose bit value did not change from the imparting of thermal energy.
16. A method for erasing data from a solid-state drive (SSD), the method comprising:
prior to user data being stored on the SSD, generating a restore image of information stored on the SSD which characterizes a restore state of the SSD;
electrically erasing memory cells of the SSD;
collecting quantitative data relating to the electrically erasing of memory cells of the SSD;
imparting high-energy electromagnetic radiation waves to the SSD to promote electrons between insulator layers and representing bits in corresponding memory cells of the SSD to exit the cells;
collecting quantitative data relating to the imparting the high-energy electromagnetic radiation to the memory cells of the SSD; and
generating means for verifying erasure of user data from the SSD.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein generating the set of quantitative data comprises including the quantitative data relating to the electrically erasing and the quantitative data relating to imparting the high-energy electromagnetic radiation in the set of quantitative data.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein imparting the high-energy electromagnetic radiation waves includes imparting X-rays to the SSD.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
providing an electromagnetic radiation profile, corresponding to the SSD, characterizing electromagnetic energy levels versus durations for promoting the electrons to exit the cells.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein generating the set of quantitative data includes generating a number of cells whose bit value did not change from the imparting of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.